{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:J2BDFQNHCWA7X2VI2SZNVQ2PZV","short_pith_number":"pith:J2BDFQNH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1406.4354","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2014-06-17T13:04:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"26bdc69fcd90a7c695ae0383646cd93123c4e28a434317a936f43a2f58be46b2","abstract_canon_sha256":"959b8dffb6a81fabcaa641629cf15d36b08817aec062eae549418c0313725013"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4e8232c1a71581fbeaa8d4b2dac34fcd756a43d6b05f762f8854af47bef4842d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1406.4354","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1406.4354","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1406.4354v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1406.4354","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J2BDFQNHCWA7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J2BDFQNHCWA7X2VI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J2BDFQNH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:J2BDFQNHCWA7X2VI2SZNVQ2PZV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1406.4354","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2014-06-17T13:04:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"26bdc69fcd90a7c695ae0383646cd93123c4e28a434317a936f43a2f58be46b2","abstract_canon_sha256":"959b8dffb6a81fabcaa641629cf15d36b08817aec062eae549418c0313725013"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4e8232c1a71581fbeaa8d4b2dac34fcd756a43d6b05f762f8854af47bef4842d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:37.727205Z","signature_b64":"6mjjaX5IIv53+50GE3oRTpEyZaLhxanzhz3Nro8fTeAtitou66CXP1Kh/nxSbavQJK4tfg1I/wSC1EtvhWjrAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4e8232c1a71581fbeaa8d4b2dac34fcd756a43d6b05f762f8854af47bef4842d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:37.726789Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:37.726789Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1406.4354","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OlJ6xwgsLN1u7agLXllJlaA16djQEvlHHhewVxVjlUzxtwMNNmfsGyKqMpJd5W3mdhn5nMx68HPxEh1Zh+bIAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T20:48:39.021326Z"},"content_sha256":"c07fb601a32b7a0a7a34118de73ba141f4212405e2a61b326f338617f96b75d8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c07fb601a32b7a0a7a34118de73ba141f4212405e2a61b326f338617f96b75d8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:J2BDFQNHCWA7X2VI2SZNVQ2PZV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Reduction, Emergence and Renormalization","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["quant-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","authors_text":"Jeremy Butterfield","submitted_at":"2014-06-17T13:04:09Z","abstract_excerpt":"In previous work, I described several examples combining reduction and emergence: where reduction is understood a la Ernest Nagel, and emergence is understood as behaviour or properties that are novel (by some salient standard). Here, my aim is again to reconcile reduction and emergence, for a case which is apparently more problematic than those I treated before: renormalization.\n  Renormalization is a vast subject. So I confine myself to emphasizing how the modern approach to renormalization (initiated by Wilson and others between 1965 and 1975), when applied to quantum field theories, illust"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1406.4354","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OF+oGdDdZG4oZE4VgNFPT/FUu63DDycidWnLTSWscSFwtHUS7o+afTaZdxN82lhi+b7oSvKA0vhma2s66PhsDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T20:48:39.021671Z"},"content_sha256":"d062b71b0a5e7006aeb9185be7f683a660afa741ad8f13c75d9feb1793452b03","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d062b71b0a5e7006aeb9185be7f683a660afa741ad8f13c75d9feb1793452b03"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J2BDFQNHCWA7X2VI2SZNVQ2PZV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J2BDFQNHCWA7X2VI2SZNVQ2PZV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J2BDFQNHCWA7X2VI2SZNVQ2PZV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T20:48:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/J2BDFQNHCWA7X2VI2SZNVQ2PZV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/J2BDFQNHCWA7X2VI2SZNVQ2PZV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/J2BDFQNHCWA7X2VI2SZNVQ2PZV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J2BDFQNHCWA7X2VI2SZNVQ2PZV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:J2BDFQNHCWA7X2VI2SZNVQ2PZV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"959b8dffb6a81fabcaa641629cf15d36b08817aec062eae549418c0313725013","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2014-06-17T13:04:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"26bdc69fcd90a7c695ae0383646cd93123c4e28a434317a936f43a2f58be46b2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1406.4354","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1406.4354","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1406.4354v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1406.4354","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J2BDFQNHCWA7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J2BDFQNHCWA7X2VI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J2BDFQNH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d062b71b0a5e7006aeb9185be7f683a660afa741ad8f13c75d9feb1793452b03","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In previous work, I described several examples combining reduction and emergence: where reduction is understood a la Ernest Nagel, and emergence is understood as behaviour or properties that are novel (by some salient standard). Here, my aim is again to reconcile reduction and emergence, for a case which is apparently more problematic than those I treated before: renormalization.\n  Renormalization is a vast subject. So I confine myself to emphasizing how the modern approach to renormalization (initiated by Wilson and others between 1965 and 1975), when applied to quantum field theories, illust","authors_text":"Jeremy Butterfield","cross_cats":["quant-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2014-06-17T13:04:09Z","title":"Reduction, Emergence and Renormalization"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1406.4354","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c07fb601a32b7a0a7a34118de73ba141f4212405e2a61b326f338617f96b75d8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"959b8dffb6a81fabcaa641629cf15d36b08817aec062eae549418c0313725013","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2014-06-17T13:04:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"26bdc69fcd90a7c695ae0383646cd93123c4e28a434317a936f43a2f58be46b2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1406.4354","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4e8232c1a71581fbeaa8d4b2dac34fcd756a43d6b05f762f8854af47bef4842d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4e8232c1a71581fbeaa8d4b2dac34fcd756a43d6b05f762f8854af47bef4842d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:37.726789Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:37.726789Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"6mjjaX5IIv53+50GE3oRTpEyZaLhxanzhz3Nro8fTeAtitou66CXP1Kh/nxSbavQJK4tfg1I/wSC1EtvhWjrAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:37.727205Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1406.4354","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c07fb601a32b7a0a7a34118de73ba141f4212405e2a61b326f338617f96b75d8","sha256:d062b71b0a5e7006aeb9185be7f683a660afa741ad8f13c75d9feb1793452b03"],"state_sha256":"45f46d0422502a1fef72a2aa28d303e5a64cf22d101a00b32606e99bb29d6ab9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"31+uQcH8/tydQAAUij02WMWErPl6AVcR++QZKPfVBrSaWK0vTNty6+X4RqQQd3UpeagpZvwvTuDR1ORhkL1gCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T20:48:39.023609Z","bundle_sha256":"24178243ff1216a5cab61afd8a22eae2a27fbc069375ead5a147cb11ad3a7401"}}