Pith Number

pith:J3BUNBBJ

pith:2019:J3BUNBBJIAM3LTXY44Q77CSDLJ

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Machine Learning Estimation of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects with Instruments

Greg Lewis, Keith Battocchi, Maggie Hei, Miruna Oprescu, Vasilis Syrgkanis, Victor Lei

arxiv:1905.10176 v3 · 2019-05-24 · econ.EM · cs.LG · stat.AP · stat.ML

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{J3BUNBBJIAM3LTXY44Q77CSDLJ}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-17T23:44:02.102549Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

4ec34684294019b5cef8e721ff8a435a6b104eabce57fef86f87261ad51755c1

Aliases

arxiv: 1905.10176 · arxiv_version: 1905.10176v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1905.10176 · pith_short_12: J3BUNBBJIAM3 · pith_short_16: J3BUNBBJIAM3LTXY · pith_short_8: J3BUNBBJ

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/J3BUNBBJIAM3LTXY44Q77CSDLJ \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 4ec34684294019b5cef8e721ff8a435a6b104eabce57fef86f87261ad51755c1

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "80bd1457d1cb24499a35016214281b81024ba96f9090376310b642962aa464e8",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.LG",
      "stat.AP",
      "stat.ML"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "econ.EM",
    "submitted_at": "2019-05-24T12:14:08Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "0068625b667e612ffdbc1da76a255219a5c4fda7e3c924876a8909223e40fd09"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1905.10176",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}