{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:J3MVUHX53BF35D4GENIFIDQF4F","short_pith_number":"pith:J3MVUHX5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2203.14170","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-03-26T23:26:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"2bc66b478d4f1899267af3faff45900bf7884c2d687e2d7521a987caa3f6bf90","abstract_canon_sha256":"d1d24b79acf08050dcf5b90fb5feca39f2ddf94332051836b7f762ca0e80d9db"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4ed95a1efdd84bbe8f862350540e05e16fcb19427c2add324a6675bfe055a420","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2203.14170","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2203.14170","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2203.14170v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2203.14170","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J3MVUHX53BF3","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J3MVUHX53BF35D4G","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J3MVUHX5","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:J3MVUHX53BF35D4GENIFIDQF4F","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2203.14170","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-03-26T23:26:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"2bc66b478d4f1899267af3faff45900bf7884c2d687e2d7521a987caa3f6bf90","abstract_canon_sha256":"d1d24b79acf08050dcf5b90fb5feca39f2ddf94332051836b7f762ca0e80d9db"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4ed95a1efdd84bbe8f862350540e05e16fcb19427c2add324a6675bfe055a420","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48.094198Z","signature_b64":"wnSpYUHIK1U26rJKwSNUnTEhWOn3RODpj6Ho/ZP4yQAyXtTFoja2fzQ/h2eJpzDNhOAn7s+QRbySjFL5xL6wAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4ed95a1efdd84bbe8f862350540e05e16fcb19427c2add324a6675bfe055a420","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48.093736Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48.093736Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2203.14170","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7aFTgmIzK3htna8kHMKwXT7C5ZoDnZAstZUy+cl0gqtrnYHnHaBvoy/eNSE5fMVsh6+muxDL0VsyAK/Z4fO+Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T19:37:24.618116Z"},"content_sha256":"98d13a27b7fb3e3d38df3e3a30f53730c3a26968523f6424cc5bed17971ed3e2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:98d13a27b7fb3e3d38df3e3a30f53730c3a26968523f6424cc5bed17971ed3e2"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:J3MVUHX53BF35D4GENIFIDQF4F","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Tailoring the Thickness-Dependent Optical Properties of Conducting Nitrides and Oxides for Epsilon-Near-Zero-Enhanced Photonic Applications","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.app-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Alexander Kildishev, Alexandra Boltasseva, Benjamin T. Diroll, Mustafa Goksu Ozlu, Richard D. Schaller, Sarah N. Chowdhury, Soham Saha, Vladimir M. Shalaev","submitted_at":"2022-03-26T23:26:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"The unique properties of the emerging photonic materials - conducting nitrides and oxides - especially their tailorability, large damage thresholds, and the so-called epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) behavior, have enabled novel photonic phenomena spanning optical circuitry, tunable metasurfaces, and nonlinear optical devices. This work explores direct control of the optical properties of polycrystalline titanium nitride (TiN) and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) by tailoring the film thickness, and their potential for ENZ-enhanced photonic applications. We demonstrate that TiN-AZO bilayers act as Ferre"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2203.14170","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2203.14170/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/5VMknfuYilL74nivaAukuQF22McvoLk1RdCnKOFgc7K+Mi5XEWeuxfZvNQ+Kn/xvyXDYKsVzfT22R3n+gfwBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T19:37:24.618503Z"},"content_sha256":"2692f519cfd7e34f6289e4d49dedc96fad5f8c0274fcf71e2f1c8028c4fdd63a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2692f519cfd7e34f6289e4d49dedc96fad5f8c0274fcf71e2f1c8028c4fdd63a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J3MVUHX53BF35D4GENIFIDQF4F/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J3MVUHX53BF35D4GENIFIDQF4F/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J3MVUHX53BF35D4GENIFIDQF4F/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T19:37:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/J3MVUHX53BF35D4GENIFIDQF4F","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/J3MVUHX53BF35D4GENIFIDQF4F/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/J3MVUHX53BF35D4GENIFIDQF4F/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J3MVUHX53BF35D4GENIFIDQF4F/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:J3MVUHX53BF35D4GENIFIDQF4F","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d1d24b79acf08050dcf5b90fb5feca39f2ddf94332051836b7f762ca0e80d9db","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-03-26T23:26:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"2bc66b478d4f1899267af3faff45900bf7884c2d687e2d7521a987caa3f6bf90"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2203.14170","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2203.14170","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2203.14170v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2203.14170","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J3MVUHX53BF3","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J3MVUHX53BF35D4G","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J3MVUHX5","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2692f519cfd7e34f6289e4d49dedc96fad5f8c0274fcf71e2f1c8028c4fdd63a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2203.14170/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The unique properties of the emerging photonic materials - conducting nitrides and oxides - especially their tailorability, large damage thresholds, and the so-called epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) behavior, have enabled novel photonic phenomena spanning optical circuitry, tunable metasurfaces, and nonlinear optical devices. This work explores direct control of the optical properties of polycrystalline titanium nitride (TiN) and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) by tailoring the film thickness, and their potential for ENZ-enhanced photonic applications. We demonstrate that TiN-AZO bilayers act as Ferre","authors_text":"Alexander Kildishev, Alexandra Boltasseva, Benjamin T. Diroll, Mustafa Goksu Ozlu, Richard D. Schaller, Sarah N. Chowdhury, Soham Saha, Vladimir M. Shalaev","cross_cats":["physics.app-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-03-26T23:26:45Z","title":"Tailoring the Thickness-Dependent Optical Properties of Conducting Nitrides and Oxides for Epsilon-Near-Zero-Enhanced Photonic Applications"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2203.14170","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:98d13a27b7fb3e3d38df3e3a30f53730c3a26968523f6424cc5bed17971ed3e2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d1d24b79acf08050dcf5b90fb5feca39f2ddf94332051836b7f762ca0e80d9db","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-03-26T23:26:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"2bc66b478d4f1899267af3faff45900bf7884c2d687e2d7521a987caa3f6bf90"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2203.14170","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4ed95a1efdd84bbe8f862350540e05e16fcb19427c2add324a6675bfe055a420","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4ed95a1efdd84bbe8f862350540e05e16fcb19427c2add324a6675bfe055a420","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48.093736Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48.093736Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"wnSpYUHIK1U26rJKwSNUnTEhWOn3RODpj6Ho/ZP4yQAyXtTFoja2fzQ/h2eJpzDNhOAn7s+QRbySjFL5xL6wAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:08:48.094198Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2203.14170","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:98d13a27b7fb3e3d38df3e3a30f53730c3a26968523f6424cc5bed17971ed3e2","sha256:2692f519cfd7e34f6289e4d49dedc96fad5f8c0274fcf71e2f1c8028c4fdd63a"],"state_sha256":"b579c9539afe2c72b13b08616798ddb22b80432d00d96e0fa1cbaa19427754c9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NSzLxvfkn0phE2HacIsn9VbnxEJBwep/Jz50dKKbtYktZXOCRx7sP1/Zag6NkGWCb0O3PjyiL0toKtw7Vyl3AA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T19:37:24.620429Z","bundle_sha256":"685facb56a6576a3b2791271f0984614d0593dc0bd6f1de3c3f60e42593f8977"}}