{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:J3UCALAYMWO5ONM5KEBG32F6XO","short_pith_number":"pith:J3UCALAY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2503.13577","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.MA","submitted_at":"2025-03-17T14:26:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"31681f7967c7ccadf27d6579c18392661d6f0cab2ab13c3377a167a9de293ba8","abstract_canon_sha256":"f1e01f549e9fbbfffb8f0064ec6e34483960f39bac20649e86deec4208774b98"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4ee8202c18659dd7359d51026de8bebb839db5e20c90990b98898cd23f34dd35","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2503.13577","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2503.13577","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2503.13577v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2503.13577","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J3UCALAYMWO5","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J3UCALAYMWO5ONM5","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J3UCALAY","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:J3UCALAYMWO5ONM5KEBG32F6XO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2503.13577","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.MA","submitted_at":"2025-03-17T14:26:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"31681f7967c7ccadf27d6579c18392661d6f0cab2ab13c3377a167a9de293ba8","abstract_canon_sha256":"f1e01f549e9fbbfffb8f0064ec6e34483960f39bac20649e86deec4208774b98"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4ee8202c18659dd7359d51026de8bebb839db5e20c90990b98898cd23f34dd35","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13.305728Z","signature_b64":"xlNHVwWQd0wiC1jTEHIlv45aJwN8F4kCv9p6RZJdJN40eIlHXZ9avKbmPkfw5QPn+MIJWwzO+4R0J5m7vmePBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4ee8202c18659dd7359d51026de8bebb839db5e20c90990b98898cd23f34dd35","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13.304698Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13.304698Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2503.13577","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"h9ockAH5UVJtcMTcJn7wry6GcK2ijeWX52GWRmjJLcLqZim6ffnFhAM/WHkDjqJ1UxYdLE8IltV20+7MnjesAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T07:58:21.203825Z"},"content_sha256":"dca8fc3d1eb91ade213c48042dd9137f8c999170b11d83806a6f6f4b9fa8be9f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dca8fc3d1eb91ade213c48042dd9137f8c999170b11d83806a6f6f4b9fa8be9f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:J3UCALAYMWO5ONM5KEBG32F6XO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"When Should We Orchestrate Multiple Agents?","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CY","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.MA","authors_text":"Adrian Weller, Andrew Gordon Wilson, Francesco Quinzan, Ilia Sucholutsky, Katherine M. Collins, Mihir Upadhyay, Muhammad Bilal Zafar, Sanyam Kapoor, Umang Bhatt","submitted_at":"2025-03-17T14:26:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"Strategies for orchestrating the interactions between multiple agents, both human and artificial, can wildly overestimate performance and underestimate the cost of orchestration. We design a framework to orchestrate agents under realistic conditions, such as inference costs or availability constraints. We show theoretically that orchestration is only effective if there are performance or cost differentials between agents. We then empirically demonstrate how orchestration between multiple agents can be helpful for selecting agents in a simulated environment, picking a learning strategy in the i"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2503.13577","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2503.13577/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6OhHbtm2fKUhpDItmJeIIkPogTicvo74OMz2JZYYCBHjYAz06OTRikvUKJUPIHyBYh+OAsHAiv4HSH1eNnotDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T07:58:21.204335Z"},"content_sha256":"0d7626397b8867daae247053939f9ba4d790c2ecc299b5e41be3203182e5d6c1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0d7626397b8867daae247053939f9ba4d790c2ecc299b5e41be3203182e5d6c1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J3UCALAYMWO5ONM5KEBG32F6XO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J3UCALAYMWO5ONM5KEBG32F6XO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J3UCALAYMWO5ONM5KEBG32F6XO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-17T07:58:21Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/J3UCALAYMWO5ONM5KEBG32F6XO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/J3UCALAYMWO5ONM5KEBG32F6XO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/J3UCALAYMWO5ONM5KEBG32F6XO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J3UCALAYMWO5ONM5KEBG32F6XO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:J3UCALAYMWO5ONM5KEBG32F6XO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f1e01f549e9fbbfffb8f0064ec6e34483960f39bac20649e86deec4208774b98","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.MA","submitted_at":"2025-03-17T14:26:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"31681f7967c7ccadf27d6579c18392661d6f0cab2ab13c3377a167a9de293ba8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2503.13577","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2503.13577","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2503.13577v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2503.13577","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J3UCALAYMWO5","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J3UCALAYMWO5ONM5","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J3UCALAY","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0d7626397b8867daae247053939f9ba4d790c2ecc299b5e41be3203182e5d6c1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2503.13577/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Strategies for orchestrating the interactions between multiple agents, both human and artificial, can wildly overestimate performance and underestimate the cost of orchestration. We design a framework to orchestrate agents under realistic conditions, such as inference costs or availability constraints. We show theoretically that orchestration is only effective if there are performance or cost differentials between agents. We then empirically demonstrate how orchestration between multiple agents can be helpful for selecting agents in a simulated environment, picking a learning strategy in the i","authors_text":"Adrian Weller, Andrew Gordon Wilson, Francesco Quinzan, Ilia Sucholutsky, Katherine M. Collins, Mihir Upadhyay, Muhammad Bilal Zafar, Sanyam Kapoor, Umang Bhatt","cross_cats":["cs.CY","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.MA","submitted_at":"2025-03-17T14:26:07Z","title":"When Should We Orchestrate Multiple Agents?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2503.13577","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:dca8fc3d1eb91ade213c48042dd9137f8c999170b11d83806a6f6f4b9fa8be9f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f1e01f549e9fbbfffb8f0064ec6e34483960f39bac20649e86deec4208774b98","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.MA","submitted_at":"2025-03-17T14:26:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"31681f7967c7ccadf27d6579c18392661d6f0cab2ab13c3377a167a9de293ba8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2503.13577","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4ee8202c18659dd7359d51026de8bebb839db5e20c90990b98898cd23f34dd35","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4ee8202c18659dd7359d51026de8bebb839db5e20c90990b98898cd23f34dd35","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13.304698Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13.304698Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"xlNHVwWQd0wiC1jTEHIlv45aJwN8F4kCv9p6RZJdJN40eIlHXZ9avKbmPkfw5QPn+MIJWwzO+4R0J5m7vmePBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:33:13.305728Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2503.13577","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:dca8fc3d1eb91ade213c48042dd9137f8c999170b11d83806a6f6f4b9fa8be9f","sha256:0d7626397b8867daae247053939f9ba4d790c2ecc299b5e41be3203182e5d6c1"],"state_sha256":"21c4ab2ad8cb423c8d2766630fbba73847ac53365d642d0967e6f4977212df58"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AY7NA48jYxJ3QeJOL+ZCbGO9lvdM95N2vNjjXx3iFFiMksOE0hYlQ29BN2RRr9Yc9s/KxAeZhE8V/QJ8vJbiAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T07:58:21.209399Z","bundle_sha256":"d4ec9bc1e55cd2ee72f7b64b381d6868d9d71a75578fa50b1cfd212070e724df"}}