{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2009:J4TJOX3726HPUW5CTZB7EN47WZ","short_pith_number":"pith:J4TJOX37","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0910.0974","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2009-10-06T17:04:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"ae7c8cee4a3c9d15d3d19f287dc57a55ac477a31166bb16cb71bbfcd00999c1b","abstract_canon_sha256":"624f9c8a8fba85c6b25cc85ec7acfae390f8b260fa5835061d6a843ad43b43b4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4f26975f7fd78efa5ba29e43f2379fb665fa04d0ed03057cfb892a23d4fd8405","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0910.0974","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0910.0974","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0910.0974v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0910.0974","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J4TJOX3726HP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J4TJOX3726HPUW5C","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J4TJOX37","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:00Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2009:J4TJOX3726HPUW5CTZB7EN47WZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0910.0974","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2009-10-06T17:04:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"ae7c8cee4a3c9d15d3d19f287dc57a55ac477a31166bb16cb71bbfcd00999c1b","abstract_canon_sha256":"624f9c8a8fba85c6b25cc85ec7acfae390f8b260fa5835061d6a843ad43b43b4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4f26975f7fd78efa5ba29e43f2379fb665fa04d0ed03057cfb892a23d4fd8405","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:20.052277Z","signature_b64":"JEliVgPJfqB0os4ZZJZFP4BIi0EbDlraG+3IGNcwl/xL6Qv6tW8gQ7XdVa6QNElA1HE1UQ0EHPpT79Zqyg48Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4f26975f7fd78efa5ba29e43f2379fb665fa04d0ed03057cfb892a23d4fd8405","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:20.051649Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:20.051649Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"0910.0974","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"T+t5GrivKi7Z4e3YGtjFxR/qUaJAIrLjjQgsKnb9eJd2geyqbzex5l4DCnlu9We07TrcJBC5l21GT5qj9oj8Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-21T13:32:24.808278Z"},"content_sha256":"e7e712ffaf27291f29491f1ed4fa83ff0ac0ab002e52ad310b261d5fee8b368f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e7e712ffaf27291f29491f1ed4fa83ff0ac0ab002e52ad310b261d5fee8b368f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2009:J4TJOX3726HPUW5CTZB7EN47WZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Electron-positron pairs in physics and astrophysics: from heavy nuclei to black holes","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Gregory Vereshchagin, Remo Ruffini, She-Sheng Xue","submitted_at":"2009-10-06T17:04:12Z","abstract_excerpt":"From the interaction of physics and astrophysics we are witnessing in these years a splendid synthesis of theoretical, experimental and observational results originating from three fundametal physical processes. They were originally proposed by Dirac, by Breit and Wheeler and by Sauter, Heisenberg, Euler and Schwinger. The vacuum polarization process in strong electromagnetic field, pioneered by Sauter, Heisenberg, Euler and Schwinger, introduced the concept of critical electric field. It has been searched without success for more than forty years by heavy-ion collisions in many of the leading"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0910.0974","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6gA5oolhYKA3fZfJ8gjHB9Igb1hG+H7EupMbpRH5u8MyBCTXCRE+LOWbZbytC5/dRTp8MlHvfaDFgiNRcIXECw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-21T13:32:24.808919Z"},"content_sha256":"a7405f05a5094b7aec747ddd55e14fe049499907f180040ab2ce7846f4a0ee37","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a7405f05a5094b7aec747ddd55e14fe049499907f180040ab2ce7846f4a0ee37"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J4TJOX3726HPUW5CTZB7EN47WZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J4TJOX3726HPUW5CTZB7EN47WZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J4TJOX3726HPUW5CTZB7EN47WZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-21T13:32:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/J4TJOX3726HPUW5CTZB7EN47WZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/J4TJOX3726HPUW5CTZB7EN47WZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/J4TJOX3726HPUW5CTZB7EN47WZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J4TJOX3726HPUW5CTZB7EN47WZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2009:J4TJOX3726HPUW5CTZB7EN47WZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"624f9c8a8fba85c6b25cc85ec7acfae390f8b260fa5835061d6a843ad43b43b4","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2009-10-06T17:04:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"ae7c8cee4a3c9d15d3d19f287dc57a55ac477a31166bb16cb71bbfcd00999c1b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0910.0974","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0910.0974","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0910.0974v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0910.0974","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J4TJOX3726HP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J4TJOX3726HPUW5C","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J4TJOX37","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:00Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a7405f05a5094b7aec747ddd55e14fe049499907f180040ab2ce7846f4a0ee37","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"From the interaction of physics and astrophysics we are witnessing in these years a splendid synthesis of theoretical, experimental and observational results originating from three fundametal physical processes. They were originally proposed by Dirac, by Breit and Wheeler and by Sauter, Heisenberg, Euler and Schwinger. The vacuum polarization process in strong electromagnetic field, pioneered by Sauter, Heisenberg, Euler and Schwinger, introduced the concept of critical electric field. It has been searched without success for more than forty years by heavy-ion collisions in many of the leading","authors_text":"Gregory Vereshchagin, Remo Ruffini, She-Sheng Xue","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2009-10-06T17:04:12Z","title":"Electron-positron pairs in physics and astrophysics: from heavy nuclei to black holes"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0910.0974","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e7e712ffaf27291f29491f1ed4fa83ff0ac0ab002e52ad310b261d5fee8b368f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"624f9c8a8fba85c6b25cc85ec7acfae390f8b260fa5835061d6a843ad43b43b4","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2009-10-06T17:04:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"ae7c8cee4a3c9d15d3d19f287dc57a55ac477a31166bb16cb71bbfcd00999c1b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0910.0974","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"4f26975f7fd78efa5ba29e43f2379fb665fa04d0ed03057cfb892a23d4fd8405","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4f26975f7fd78efa5ba29e43f2379fb665fa04d0ed03057cfb892a23d4fd8405","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:20.051649Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:20.051649Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JEliVgPJfqB0os4ZZJZFP4BIi0EbDlraG+3IGNcwl/xL6Qv6tW8gQ7XdVa6QNElA1HE1UQ0EHPpT79Zqyg48Cw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:20.052277Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0910.0974","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e7e712ffaf27291f29491f1ed4fa83ff0ac0ab002e52ad310b261d5fee8b368f","sha256:a7405f05a5094b7aec747ddd55e14fe049499907f180040ab2ce7846f4a0ee37"],"state_sha256":"0e22bc1cef724d2afbb9f0fde9ac7567763640181ff65bee96270f664a47a6c9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VMMILdKd2ZFqREXQLstB+7oywS2Qu1IohmeZwzTyAdiwmnV3vgJz+xQ9Let9VCQvRJI0htIiDoXDBWXmSJKJAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-21T13:32:24.811659Z","bundle_sha256":"7e9e6511acf9836a863441bd7928527ac4ab66591f1912e9b623a57e48091c4c"}}