{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:J54T6CHQ2D5ILF7STSPK4VRRGZ","short_pith_number":"pith:J54T6CHQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2508.20760","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2025-08-28T13:16:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"f22cbea118364d6d185ca558683a35c3ee2dec657bf69c22a3aaa1f3e6faa27a","abstract_canon_sha256":"4f60dbbc2948dbc5e8473db43d24f92aa2e0d62fc3f562edb44abab7ac86fdad"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4f793f08f0d0fa8597f29c9eae56313642d1681bf0989ea0750153741566e165","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2508.20760","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2508.20760","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2508.20760v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.20760","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J54T6CHQ2D5I","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J54T6CHQ2D5ILF7S","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J54T6CHQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:J54T6CHQ2D5ILF7STSPK4VRRGZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2508.20760","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2025-08-28T13:16:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"f22cbea118364d6d185ca558683a35c3ee2dec657bf69c22a3aaa1f3e6faa27a","abstract_canon_sha256":"4f60dbbc2948dbc5e8473db43d24f92aa2e0d62fc3f562edb44abab7ac86fdad"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4f793f08f0d0fa8597f29c9eae56313642d1681bf0989ea0750153741566e165","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32.905550Z","signature_b64":"jXTK5HwhnL0aC0+UkIq5gvihEz7szKyanTNDsZRcJvMigXm3NQPVQppiXkvP0S/kkJPvwRDohlfUt50vfTkJBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4f793f08f0d0fa8597f29c9eae56313642d1681bf0989ea0750153741566e165","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32.905038Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32.905038Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2508.20760","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tvlbc2Ch1zCc/zV7H0OjusaX50+EkvihEW1Gem29qfRZ1irJgGMdSFmCHUeWlM/MmbC320+c+azObozSt2/pDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T17:12:17.240529Z"},"content_sha256":"b3cdfef85438f3f348647b135edd2af1df2c791228b44583a5209d0eea9c75c8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b3cdfef85438f3f348647b135edd2af1df2c791228b44583a5209d0eea9c75c8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:J54T6CHQ2D5ILF7STSPK4VRRGZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Occlusion Robustness of CLIP for Military Vehicle Classification","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Alma M. Liezenga, Frank Ruis, Gertjan Burghouts, Hugo J. Kuijf, Jan Erik van Woerden, Lotte Nijskens, Sabina van Rooij","submitted_at":"2025-08-28T13:16:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"Vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP enable zero-shot classification by aligning images and text in a shared embedding space, offering advantages for defense applications with scarce labeled data. However, CLIP's robustness in challenging military environments, with partial occlusion and degraded signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), remains underexplored. We investigate CLIP variants' robustness to occlusion using a custom dataset of 18 military vehicle classes and evaluate using Normalized Area Under the Curve (NAUC) across occlusion percentages. Four key insights emerge: (1) Transformer-based CLI"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.20760","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2508.20760/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NjJJ41NVBNw9UybzwOjChsGuo25YVlrOWqqCTfhIxLOG2hgeQqyIw+mbLF2Ix7qXPAyD+OVlsW0gvnuNBgwXDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T17:12:17.240903Z"},"content_sha256":"8b214146803364cc200bc2485eedc87ecf721a21720b21f35539b77929dff1a4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8b214146803364cc200bc2485eedc87ecf721a21720b21f35539b77929dff1a4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J54T6CHQ2D5ILF7STSPK4VRRGZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J54T6CHQ2D5ILF7STSPK4VRRGZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J54T6CHQ2D5ILF7STSPK4VRRGZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T17:12:17Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/J54T6CHQ2D5ILF7STSPK4VRRGZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/J54T6CHQ2D5ILF7STSPK4VRRGZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/J54T6CHQ2D5ILF7STSPK4VRRGZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J54T6CHQ2D5ILF7STSPK4VRRGZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:J54T6CHQ2D5ILF7STSPK4VRRGZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4f60dbbc2948dbc5e8473db43d24f92aa2e0d62fc3f562edb44abab7ac86fdad","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2025-08-28T13:16:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"f22cbea118364d6d185ca558683a35c3ee2dec657bf69c22a3aaa1f3e6faa27a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2508.20760","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2508.20760","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2508.20760v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.20760","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J54T6CHQ2D5I","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J54T6CHQ2D5ILF7S","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J54T6CHQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8b214146803364cc200bc2485eedc87ecf721a21720b21f35539b77929dff1a4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2508.20760/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP enable zero-shot classification by aligning images and text in a shared embedding space, offering advantages for defense applications with scarce labeled data. However, CLIP's robustness in challenging military environments, with partial occlusion and degraded signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), remains underexplored. We investigate CLIP variants' robustness to occlusion using a custom dataset of 18 military vehicle classes and evaluate using Normalized Area Under the Curve (NAUC) across occlusion percentages. Four key insights emerge: (1) Transformer-based CLI","authors_text":"Alma M. Liezenga, Frank Ruis, Gertjan Burghouts, Hugo J. Kuijf, Jan Erik van Woerden, Lotte Nijskens, Sabina van Rooij","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2025-08-28T13:16:55Z","title":"Occlusion Robustness of CLIP for Military Vehicle Classification"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.20760","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b3cdfef85438f3f348647b135edd2af1df2c791228b44583a5209d0eea9c75c8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4f60dbbc2948dbc5e8473db43d24f92aa2e0d62fc3f562edb44abab7ac86fdad","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2025-08-28T13:16:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"f22cbea118364d6d185ca558683a35c3ee2dec657bf69c22a3aaa1f3e6faa27a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2508.20760","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"4f793f08f0d0fa8597f29c9eae56313642d1681bf0989ea0750153741566e165","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4f793f08f0d0fa8597f29c9eae56313642d1681bf0989ea0750153741566e165","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32.905038Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32.905038Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"jXTK5HwhnL0aC0+UkIq5gvihEz7szKyanTNDsZRcJvMigXm3NQPVQppiXkvP0S/kkJPvwRDohlfUt50vfTkJBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T12:03:32.905550Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2508.20760","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b3cdfef85438f3f348647b135edd2af1df2c791228b44583a5209d0eea9c75c8","sha256:8b214146803364cc200bc2485eedc87ecf721a21720b21f35539b77929dff1a4"],"state_sha256":"dece3cd2c83f15c675758cafd94d9ff4286a8db7de168c7cab45280b1cf75d98"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YIUF4t0ZnTi48IneR+/Hs5zKKB8PSSrxLy3qS4mx8squZlN/aQ10cm6Y5k3vBompdi51c5qBv2RBcMvpzrAnCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T17:12:17.242848Z","bundle_sha256":"dd8719e6ad437420955083e9adfb995e7697f39036b83a3bbb66c89de0b72073"}}