{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:J5ERKGHVIBWWK6R3DEQFBOZHG6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1d198b6d2ea716a8e8be43ae88bb4d7482e554871ce94fe2a4a6c21c0ebde90d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-03-17T13:39:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"27cad7770e1f7d80f0dcefefd4e959170626e0e73047aaeb86b3b568ccea9d9e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2403.11219","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2403.11219","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:57:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2403.11219v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:57:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2403.11219","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:57:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J5ERKGHVIBWW","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:57:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J5ERKGHVIBWWK6R3","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:57:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J5ERKGHV","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:57:13Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3373a832846bd67443b2c75c9d846003101f4fcd1fa33bf681fc71c21fd26562","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:57:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2403.11219/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Causality has become a fundamental approach for explaining the relationships between events, phenomena, and outcomes in various fields of study. It has invaded various fields and applications, such as medicine, healthcare, economics, finance, fraud detection, cybersecurity, education, public policy, recommender systems, anomaly detection, robotics, control, sociology, marketing, and advertising. In this paper, we survey its development over the past five decades, shedding light on the differences between causality and other approaches, as well as the preconditions for using it. Furthermore, th","authors_text":"Abraham Itzhak Weinberg, Cristiano Premebida, Diego Resende Faria","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-03-17T13:39:43Z","title":"Causality from Bottom to Top: A Survey"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2403.11219","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1424a3315d5e2ade8641fc90a67be071696599efc87cfa9f40163fb1c9186373","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:57:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1d198b6d2ea716a8e8be43ae88bb4d7482e554871ce94fe2a4a6c21c0ebde90d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-03-17T13:39:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"27cad7770e1f7d80f0dcefefd4e959170626e0e73047aaeb86b3b568ccea9d9e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2403.11219","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4f491518f5406d657a3b192050bb2737bb43f7a2ffc5037e1ffa3e48fafc5311","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4f491518f5406d657a3b192050bb2737bb43f7a2ffc5037e1ffa3e48fafc5311","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:57:13.439628Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:57:13.439628Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"2KCrP4pv4JgK1w4Wh36ZpM+n8i3cu+zdwtf/mORJ7LwpMMxycvN9gpqUtw8O5B2hkhbY8ehnxQq/5XUbnHraAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:57:13.440042Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2403.11219","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1424a3315d5e2ade8641fc90a67be071696599efc87cfa9f40163fb1c9186373","sha256:3373a832846bd67443b2c75c9d846003101f4fcd1fa33bf681fc71c21fd26562"],"state_sha256":"3048a4f70db57d1498d438291f85b48ff5e2219b7962ae2358b5dcfa32d44475"}