{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:J6LLEHQDWRRXWCRDGNBCVYZWMV","short_pith_number":"pith:J6LLEHQD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.00975","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-02-03T01:03:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"28dd57e762aa03854a345840490d85fd9f6bdf29fe2e3eb02c5ca5fb7a33f8fc","abstract_canon_sha256":"4db0a3d5aeffe866a8993b05df97f27b18129713e53d569a758a06c9d77d486d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4f96b21e03b4637b0a2333422ae3366541d56f337579d7e48ca023836da08a2d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2502.00975","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.00975","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.00975v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.00975","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J6LLEHQDWRRX","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J6LLEHQDWRRXWCRD","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J6LLEHQD","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:J6LLEHQDWRRXWCRDGNBCVYZWMV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.00975","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-02-03T01:03:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"28dd57e762aa03854a345840490d85fd9f6bdf29fe2e3eb02c5ca5fb7a33f8fc","abstract_canon_sha256":"4db0a3d5aeffe866a8993b05df97f27b18129713e53d569a758a06c9d77d486d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4f96b21e03b4637b0a2333422ae3366541d56f337579d7e48ca023836da08a2d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40.921263Z","signature_b64":"D9sluMCQ+r/qwafOpyQM38aDgGwxgqHyIGMU0ZA/6NGM+sp0yOn5va1hvFGkX84SQ+63JEq351TQZ74R/OtEAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4f96b21e03b4637b0a2333422ae3366541d56f337579d7e48ca023836da08a2d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40.920901Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40.920901Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2502.00975","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"w7ioKYa6J9tkL94HFl0cPgqUTOPNyQo6BgVRVJPGXFm3Mv8W8fjcMURyDH7oRnexyxm4EtB3WRzkiIoXgNdjDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T19:21:14.695234Z"},"content_sha256":"482bf81f688ecbb3ae12b4337f20592dee9dac23983925bae3cdd99b4959bb92","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:482bf81f688ecbb3ae12b4337f20592dee9dac23983925bae3cdd99b4959bb92"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:J6LLEHQDWRRXWCRDGNBCVYZWMV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Detection of Distributed Denial of Service Attacks based on Machine Learning Algorithms","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Md. Abdur Rahman","submitted_at":"2025-02-03T01:03:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks make the challenges to provide the services of the data resources to the web clients. In this paper, we concern to study and apply different Machine Learning (ML) techniques to separate the DDoS attack instances from benign instances. Our experimental results show that forward and backward data bytes of our dataset are observed more similar for DDoS attacks compared to the data bytes for benign attempts. This paper uses different machine learning techniques for the detection of the attacks efficiently in order to make sure the offered services from "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.00975","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2502.00975/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JUyld4WlaFhpHtrJFjwCVk9nw9+JYQBd1nlzplgQjrDr1TP7IMbN1v9fi3Hestlc2nYYmjmdMyBHsLcG0doVAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T19:21:14.695819Z"},"content_sha256":"86ba6ad691298874ecbc13b8fa49c4c3739e7ffc989cb45c2e5259dada1c8884","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:86ba6ad691298874ecbc13b8fa49c4c3739e7ffc989cb45c2e5259dada1c8884"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J6LLEHQDWRRXWCRDGNBCVYZWMV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J6LLEHQDWRRXWCRDGNBCVYZWMV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J6LLEHQDWRRXWCRDGNBCVYZWMV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T19:21:14Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/J6LLEHQDWRRXWCRDGNBCVYZWMV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/J6LLEHQDWRRXWCRDGNBCVYZWMV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/J6LLEHQDWRRXWCRDGNBCVYZWMV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J6LLEHQDWRRXWCRDGNBCVYZWMV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:J6LLEHQDWRRXWCRDGNBCVYZWMV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4db0a3d5aeffe866a8993b05df97f27b18129713e53d569a758a06c9d77d486d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-02-03T01:03:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"28dd57e762aa03854a345840490d85fd9f6bdf29fe2e3eb02c5ca5fb7a33f8fc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.00975","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.00975","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.00975v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.00975","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J6LLEHQDWRRX","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J6LLEHQDWRRXWCRD","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J6LLEHQD","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:86ba6ad691298874ecbc13b8fa49c4c3739e7ffc989cb45c2e5259dada1c8884","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2502.00975/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks make the challenges to provide the services of the data resources to the web clients. In this paper, we concern to study and apply different Machine Learning (ML) techniques to separate the DDoS attack instances from benign instances. Our experimental results show that forward and backward data bytes of our dataset are observed more similar for DDoS attacks compared to the data bytes for benign attempts. This paper uses different machine learning techniques for the detection of the attacks efficiently in order to make sure the offered services from ","authors_text":"Md. Abdur Rahman","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-02-03T01:03:39Z","title":"Detection of Distributed Denial of Service Attacks based on Machine Learning Algorithms"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.00975","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:482bf81f688ecbb3ae12b4337f20592dee9dac23983925bae3cdd99b4959bb92","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4db0a3d5aeffe866a8993b05df97f27b18129713e53d569a758a06c9d77d486d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-02-03T01:03:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"28dd57e762aa03854a345840490d85fd9f6bdf29fe2e3eb02c5ca5fb7a33f8fc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.00975","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4f96b21e03b4637b0a2333422ae3366541d56f337579d7e48ca023836da08a2d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4f96b21e03b4637b0a2333422ae3366541d56f337579d7e48ca023836da08a2d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40.920901Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40.920901Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"D9sluMCQ+r/qwafOpyQM38aDgGwxgqHyIGMU0ZA/6NGM+sp0yOn5va1hvFGkX84SQ+63JEq351TQZ74R/OtEAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:08:40.921263Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2502.00975","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:482bf81f688ecbb3ae12b4337f20592dee9dac23983925bae3cdd99b4959bb92","sha256:86ba6ad691298874ecbc13b8fa49c4c3739e7ffc989cb45c2e5259dada1c8884"],"state_sha256":"2f9867cabd1b9443a88149354f5ad2bc4b4436df7f51190ced025327a7cffab9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9U3sDGcS5jpGuSF9LzxB0Sur0bHJXoZqETKXm+5gsymidgaq80ubK3trtxy+6Wx2SAqSEZpCc2nC/FdL7zICDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T19:21:14.699531Z","bundle_sha256":"26cbead0b84488a28adf2001f4bf515b5c48c4d6abc98d0c4efb85ad9f10ba60"}}