{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:J6TN5AR2K2WGHXA3DMPYV4YWH3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d77594ae513987edde9341c73b5a776fd8287a31e3c66683dede979a99f87d57","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-12-02T18:10:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"56c9942700c807e4c52131c909da299051a850b9a69d8d76f4f95924b31df651"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2212.01349","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2212.01349","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2212.01349v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2212.01349","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J6TN5AR2K2WG","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J6TN5AR2K2WGHXA3","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J6TN5AR2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:773bab4ff5f1f0180c45973f02f912cf81b11fa03bc82e2743d92a2f843929b7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2212.01349/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Existing language models (LMs) predict tokens with a softmax over a finite vocabulary, which can make it difficult to predict rare tokens or phrases. We introduce NPM, the first nonparametric masked language model that replaces this softmax with a nonparametric distribution over every phrase in a reference corpus. NPM fills in the [MASK] solely from retrieving a token from a text corpus. We show that NPM can be efficiently trained with a contrastive objective and an in-batch approximation to full corpus retrieval. Zero-shot evaluation on 16 tasks including classification, fact probing and ques","authors_text":"Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Luke Zettlemoyer, Mike Lewis, Sewon Min, Weijia Shi, Wen-tau Yih, Xilun Chen","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-12-02T18:10:42Z","title":"Nonparametric Masked Language Modeling"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2212.01349","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ed4e12ea87837376883d1cdbf4c3adba14801069e9d06e11b9c7af82dbc4d8a1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d77594ae513987edde9341c73b5a776fd8287a31e3c66683dede979a99f87d57","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-12-02T18:10:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"56c9942700c807e4c52131c909da299051a850b9a69d8d76f4f95924b31df651"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2212.01349","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"4fa6de823a56ac63dc1b1b1f8af3163ec7b8caccf7e3653f221c6672ac79a502","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4fa6de823a56ac63dc1b1b1f8af3163ec7b8caccf7e3653f221c6672ac79a502","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:07.022926Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:07.022926Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Uy8e5hd9gn/aqiho4tZHxQgHjqXv2mKbQdLiW1q7+bm/DPKimD/6+hgY21H+EriJALbiDrvn3b0Qkwv42u6KCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:07.023350Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2212.01349","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ed4e12ea87837376883d1cdbf4c3adba14801069e9d06e11b9c7af82dbc4d8a1","sha256:773bab4ff5f1f0180c45973f02f912cf81b11fa03bc82e2743d92a2f843929b7"],"state_sha256":"0a0ee3f12498a15efa2540ef3408340f70c0f5efa79b81f3dfe158224f707c71"}