{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2001:J72DIZZ6B2KFWXM5QOW7H6R4KQ","short_pith_number":"pith:J72DIZZ6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"cond-mat/0112227","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"cond-mat","submitted_at":"2001-12-12T18:22:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"cd807a34a14fadd7cb3258c442dba3e0ba05e73a7d2e30567307578e37553210","abstract_canon_sha256":"55f92ad5a0cedacb0abfa8ef623e20b814905f107d19a7b729559063f6c93ab2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4ff434673e0e945b5d9d83adf3fa3c542495200a34956f0dbec55f3916de3a46","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"cond-mat/0112227","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"cond-mat/0112227","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"cond-mat/0112227v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0112227","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J72DIZZ6B2KF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J72DIZZ6B2KFWXM5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J72DIZZ6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2001:J72DIZZ6B2KFWXM5QOW7H6R4KQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"cond-mat/0112227","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"cond-mat","submitted_at":"2001-12-12T18:22:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"cd807a34a14fadd7cb3258c442dba3e0ba05e73a7d2e30567307578e37553210","abstract_canon_sha256":"55f92ad5a0cedacb0abfa8ef623e20b814905f107d19a7b729559063f6c93ab2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4ff434673e0e945b5d9d83adf3fa3c542495200a34956f0dbec55f3916de3a46","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:06.194165Z","signature_b64":"EZr/j9BTzNnVsZm2Eq3uFyrunf/sVgmQHwwaR5bZazcKvfqx9dtnMXGYRJ0sZyVY8/pTmBpczjV6SxCOGGSoBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4ff434673e0e945b5d9d83adf3fa3c542495200a34956f0dbec55f3916de3a46","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:06.193484Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:06.193484Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"cond-mat/0112227","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0F2oQ7KcA1vTt/DrcqejQYPvJoR4K4pAC0mEkiPrK95PTVwv8n0yvixYSFuwmY7tppIFN3SH/1teU0OU42SZCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T07:00:03.564022Z"},"content_sha256":"561e29852703473be866e7f781ee700bea4d7b689ef67f82ce30b894f6a821ae","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:561e29852703473be866e7f781ee700bea4d7b689ef67f82ce30b894f6a821ae"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2001:J72DIZZ6B2KFWXM5QOW7H6R4KQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Surface flows of granular materials: A short introduction to some recent models","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat","authors_text":"Achod Aradian, Elie Raphael, Pierre-Gilles de Gennes","submitted_at":"2001-12-12T18:22:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present a short review of recent theoretical descriptions of flows occuring at the surface of granular piles, and focus mainly on two models: the phenomenological ``BCRE'' model and the hydrodynamic model, based on Saint-Venant equations. Both models distinguish a ``static phase'' and a ``rolling'' phase inside the granular packing and write coupled equations for the evolutions of the height of each of these phases, which prove similar in both approaches. The BCRE description provides a very intuitive picture of the flow, whereas the Saint-Venant hydrodynamic description establishes a gener"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"cond-mat/0112227","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"y6u5HYR4WUkJpzf3xSLfQEA6AnKBKpfrKeH5dZFRJcvo+lIJlMPLuM4F1CHZvCF71J8w23h+4541iby+TIlJDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T07:00:03.564383Z"},"content_sha256":"2a7e8dae8b66ab5e0b67d2f2529e805fad4e8a878f12d42d3ba4cf9ed259e179","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2a7e8dae8b66ab5e0b67d2f2529e805fad4e8a878f12d42d3ba4cf9ed259e179"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J72DIZZ6B2KFWXM5QOW7H6R4KQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J72DIZZ6B2KFWXM5QOW7H6R4KQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J72DIZZ6B2KFWXM5QOW7H6R4KQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-07T07:00:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/J72DIZZ6B2KFWXM5QOW7H6R4KQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/J72DIZZ6B2KFWXM5QOW7H6R4KQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/J72DIZZ6B2KFWXM5QOW7H6R4KQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J72DIZZ6B2KFWXM5QOW7H6R4KQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2001:J72DIZZ6B2KFWXM5QOW7H6R4KQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"55f92ad5a0cedacb0abfa8ef623e20b814905f107d19a7b729559063f6c93ab2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"cond-mat","submitted_at":"2001-12-12T18:22:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"cd807a34a14fadd7cb3258c442dba3e0ba05e73a7d2e30567307578e37553210"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"cond-mat/0112227","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"cond-mat/0112227","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"cond-mat/0112227v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0112227","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J72DIZZ6B2KF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J72DIZZ6B2KFWXM5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J72DIZZ6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2a7e8dae8b66ab5e0b67d2f2529e805fad4e8a878f12d42d3ba4cf9ed259e179","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present a short review of recent theoretical descriptions of flows occuring at the surface of granular piles, and focus mainly on two models: the phenomenological ``BCRE'' model and the hydrodynamic model, based on Saint-Venant equations. Both models distinguish a ``static phase'' and a ``rolling'' phase inside the granular packing and write coupled equations for the evolutions of the height of each of these phases, which prove similar in both approaches. The BCRE description provides a very intuitive picture of the flow, whereas the Saint-Venant hydrodynamic description establishes a gener","authors_text":"Achod Aradian, Elie Raphael, Pierre-Gilles de Gennes","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"cond-mat","submitted_at":"2001-12-12T18:22:00Z","title":"Surface flows of granular materials: A short introduction to some recent models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"cond-mat/0112227","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:561e29852703473be866e7f781ee700bea4d7b689ef67f82ce30b894f6a821ae","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"55f92ad5a0cedacb0abfa8ef623e20b814905f107d19a7b729559063f6c93ab2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"cond-mat","submitted_at":"2001-12-12T18:22:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"cd807a34a14fadd7cb3258c442dba3e0ba05e73a7d2e30567307578e37553210"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"cond-mat/0112227","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"4ff434673e0e945b5d9d83adf3fa3c542495200a34956f0dbec55f3916de3a46","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4ff434673e0e945b5d9d83adf3fa3c542495200a34956f0dbec55f3916de3a46","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:06.193484Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:06.193484Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"EZr/j9BTzNnVsZm2Eq3uFyrunf/sVgmQHwwaR5bZazcKvfqx9dtnMXGYRJ0sZyVY8/pTmBpczjV6SxCOGGSoBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:06.194165Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"cond-mat/0112227","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:561e29852703473be866e7f781ee700bea4d7b689ef67f82ce30b894f6a821ae","sha256:2a7e8dae8b66ab5e0b67d2f2529e805fad4e8a878f12d42d3ba4cf9ed259e179"],"state_sha256":"022e93806277b7ced14421833e47a36cef73a60521d2b5a00c2309744fbc311f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"60PAcDWPyHx2kgUAe49ypfqZKbRIi2/ZVuZy/xZhRRzz8wuix5Nvf0ceYzLlIkUFr/Fe4A/2pBaHm04s9SlYAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T07:00:03.566344Z","bundle_sha256":"145ec450838fd23f609ca806d9d3076a8957c8e227a1cf52a0291787339f43a1"}}