{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:J7METGEBCINVAHEXL2GU7J4CKD","short_pith_number":"pith:J7METGEB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2607.15175","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T16:23:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"81828afadf8ff5a9e3529049e1c97df0855d85b7b700ae4d64764d7be5803741","abstract_canon_sha256":"ac3dae8befff7553fc140baca64cd5ce7b8eea74e91482291ca65ba55d2ca2a4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4fd8499881121b501c975e8d4fa78250c1deb04ec1f9b64d6e1e5d1f3f8147aa","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2607.15175","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2607.15175","created_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2607.15175v1","created_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2607.15175","created_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J7METGEBCINV","created_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J7METGEBCINVAHEX","created_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J7METGEB","created_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:J7METGEBCINVAHEXL2GU7J4CKD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2607.15175","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T16:23:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"81828afadf8ff5a9e3529049e1c97df0855d85b7b700ae4d64764d7be5803741","abstract_canon_sha256":"ac3dae8befff7553fc140baca64cd5ce7b8eea74e91482291ca65ba55d2ca2a4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4fd8499881121b501c975e8d4fa78250c1deb04ec1f9b64d6e1e5d1f3f8147aa","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12.951162Z","signature_b64":"l3Y550P3ZybxvDx+dHvK30mh7YFMVF59ZZmLXFDYOF3Hwraq2LvqXfoeAO49DMgT6D2Wxo8P4SxOms/rfWRlDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4fd8499881121b501c975e8d4fa78250c1deb04ec1f9b64d6e1e5d1f3f8147aa","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12.950401Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12.950401Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2607.15175","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Lb8498Txe3O19E4WPv67+NTX4JPXNK8ZUoD+5WUaZGkDm5Qkdy1/EefP0HTBJAXu+t2LWfm1aKYu6NhbLzEGDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T15:42:52.068292Z"},"content_sha256":"7439f0827cb6294d86468dfc55dd0e94f9d53ee32aec67edf98a71e2fa189b31","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7439f0827cb6294d86468dfc55dd0e94f9d53ee32aec67edf98a71e2fa189b31"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:J7METGEBCINVAHEXL2GU7J4CKD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Linear representations of grammaticality in neural language models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Jane Li, Najoung Kim","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T16:23:56Z","abstract_excerpt":"Whether neural language models (NLMs) possess the ability to distinguish strings on the basis of their grammaticality remains a debated topic in the computational linguistics literature. Existing evidence has largely relied on probability-based measures, testing whether models assign higher probabilities to grammatical than ungrammatical strings. However, probability comparisons have been criticized as a measure for grammatical knowledge based on the assumption that grammaticality is inherently entangled with likelihood. Model-assigned probability is a function of many related sentence propert"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2607.15175","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2607.15175/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VCOKXTwiQEP7MIq//TGYBG7LqFCFdAKBX5Ak8MoBx0mpNERQR+eYNqB7iWqwFoDer6X5u64OqPnUs6PtTNv2AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T15:42:52.068869Z"},"content_sha256":"fc53611f41530a59a8b4d29cfddd325fa23f83624c918ee144a89fd94f7e5209","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fc53611f41530a59a8b4d29cfddd325fa23f83624c918ee144a89fd94f7e5209"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J7METGEBCINVAHEXL2GU7J4CKD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J7METGEBCINVAHEXL2GU7J4CKD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J7METGEBCINVAHEXL2GU7J4CKD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T15:42:52Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/J7METGEBCINVAHEXL2GU7J4CKD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/J7METGEBCINVAHEXL2GU7J4CKD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/J7METGEBCINVAHEXL2GU7J4CKD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J7METGEBCINVAHEXL2GU7J4CKD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:J7METGEBCINVAHEXL2GU7J4CKD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ac3dae8befff7553fc140baca64cd5ce7b8eea74e91482291ca65ba55d2ca2a4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T16:23:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"81828afadf8ff5a9e3529049e1c97df0855d85b7b700ae4d64764d7be5803741"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2607.15175","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2607.15175","created_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2607.15175v1","created_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2607.15175","created_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J7METGEBCINV","created_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J7METGEBCINVAHEX","created_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J7METGEB","created_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fc53611f41530a59a8b4d29cfddd325fa23f83624c918ee144a89fd94f7e5209","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2607.15175/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Whether neural language models (NLMs) possess the ability to distinguish strings on the basis of their grammaticality remains a debated topic in the computational linguistics literature. Existing evidence has largely relied on probability-based measures, testing whether models assign higher probabilities to grammatical than ungrammatical strings. However, probability comparisons have been criticized as a measure for grammatical knowledge based on the assumption that grammaticality is inherently entangled with likelihood. Model-assigned probability is a function of many related sentence propert","authors_text":"Jane Li, Najoung Kim","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T16:23:56Z","title":"Linear representations of grammaticality in neural language models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2607.15175","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7439f0827cb6294d86468dfc55dd0e94f9d53ee32aec67edf98a71e2fa189b31","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ac3dae8befff7553fc140baca64cd5ce7b8eea74e91482291ca65ba55d2ca2a4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T16:23:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"81828afadf8ff5a9e3529049e1c97df0855d85b7b700ae4d64764d7be5803741"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2607.15175","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4fd8499881121b501c975e8d4fa78250c1deb04ec1f9b64d6e1e5d1f3f8147aa","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4fd8499881121b501c975e8d4fa78250c1deb04ec1f9b64d6e1e5d1f3f8147aa","first_computed_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12.950401Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12.950401Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"l3Y550P3ZybxvDx+dHvK30mh7YFMVF59ZZmLXFDYOF3Hwraq2LvqXfoeAO49DMgT6D2Wxo8P4SxOms/rfWRlDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-17T01:22:12.951162Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2607.15175","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7439f0827cb6294d86468dfc55dd0e94f9d53ee32aec67edf98a71e2fa189b31","sha256:fc53611f41530a59a8b4d29cfddd325fa23f83624c918ee144a89fd94f7e5209"],"state_sha256":"dfcbd593bb11c6f932140cdd7fd4c2b74299525246837e06848ac5a5725bc6d4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"G/+5FzYAeTfHihykRhlogWUVltHFAONbHcGUmEvdJV8X9kzb8qhxjoqE5H6qINBlHLD3ChPIMRYRwQ3tB+SUAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T15:42:52.076107Z","bundle_sha256":"5d515687a512b4fdb859d6d37ad400381cba709f8e1f4e4a452fbf5b536fe921"}}