{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:JALRZBKP2DU5BRDBPSTQTQ4KIO","short_pith_number":"pith:JALRZBKP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2608.02440","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T16:20:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"5379e8888fe668adc33bc65f1e5157c94b983f386469aaa95a22603e96b21933","abstract_canon_sha256":"b2cb6a6e15ca4e57b40a0bd1181da2cd0e86350c2af22e5acc6a1589bb9ec688"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"48171c854fd0e9d0c4617ca709c38a4381d67f0128a1c4ead689d6de2ae10a32","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2608.02440","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2608.02440","created_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2608.02440v1","created_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.02440","created_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JALRZBKP2DU5","created_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JALRZBKP2DU5BRDB","created_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JALRZBKP","created_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:JALRZBKP2DU5BRDBPSTQTQ4KIO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2608.02440","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T16:20:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"5379e8888fe668adc33bc65f1e5157c94b983f386469aaa95a22603e96b21933","abstract_canon_sha256":"b2cb6a6e15ca4e57b40a0bd1181da2cd0e86350c2af22e5acc6a1589bb9ec688"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"48171c854fd0e9d0c4617ca709c38a4381d67f0128a1c4ead689d6de2ae10a32","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30.584932Z","signature_b64":"S5NSXXTKiz5iyDFefW2eQcDI407MvIEziqbJnEKunOmG6e7WbACAoLiKqMXSarGVyhvNDUKbbBCkTyQu9g03CQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"48171c854fd0e9d0c4617ca709c38a4381d67f0128a1c4ead689d6de2ae10a32","last_reissued_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30.582686Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30.582686Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2608.02440","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ku0jNivF+nmXe9JuKZvt5POOMaE7F2xS4c9kEhNnFmxlORiUfLrb21E2WSdFA83JNW5V4ZAzg86veR9F/b6UBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T19:58:00.992959Z"},"content_sha256":"43af29e3555bd0b6f3792d5fc5445cf120914d820b7f1bc206caac89abec5686","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:43af29e3555bd0b6f3792d5fc5445cf120914d820b7f1bc206caac89abec5686"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:JALRZBKP2DU5BRDBPSTQTQ4KIO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Intention Inference Under Execution Noise: Separating Aleatoric and Epistemic Uncertainty in Social Dilemmas","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.GT","authors_text":"Jonathan Shock, Kival Mahadew","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T16:20:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"In noisy social dilemmas, intended actions are stochastically corrupted before execution, so an observed defection may reflect hostile intent or action error. Standard Markov Decision Process (MDP) formulations treat executed actions as states, structurally precluding this distinction and causing systematic over-retaliation. We introduce a Partially Observable MDP (POMDP) formulation encoding opponent intentions as latent states and executed actions as noisy observations, solved within the active inference (AIF) framework with a cost function that decomposes into epistemic and pragmatic compon"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2608.02440","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2608.02440/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cvxUpYsB9tIs3eXsNlHN7XtzZC9e7hXVS9E7n1NUgh05S32k4hTyF+pKT8hpWbn4BYDaTV3axrpFbiL9kAALBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T19:58:00.993528Z"},"content_sha256":"50b9e4ed414498ff721d0bd3cb88b747ea822d9d05b2a72eb05c33f4f67d8899","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:50b9e4ed414498ff721d0bd3cb88b747ea822d9d05b2a72eb05c33f4f67d8899"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JALRZBKP2DU5BRDBPSTQTQ4KIO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JALRZBKP2DU5BRDBPSTQTQ4KIO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JALRZBKP2DU5BRDBPSTQTQ4KIO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T19:58:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JALRZBKP2DU5BRDBPSTQTQ4KIO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JALRZBKP2DU5BRDBPSTQTQ4KIO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JALRZBKP2DU5BRDBPSTQTQ4KIO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JALRZBKP2DU5BRDBPSTQTQ4KIO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:JALRZBKP2DU5BRDBPSTQTQ4KIO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b2cb6a6e15ca4e57b40a0bd1181da2cd0e86350c2af22e5acc6a1589bb9ec688","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T16:20:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"5379e8888fe668adc33bc65f1e5157c94b983f386469aaa95a22603e96b21933"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2608.02440","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2608.02440","created_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2608.02440v1","created_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.02440","created_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JALRZBKP2DU5","created_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JALRZBKP2DU5BRDB","created_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JALRZBKP","created_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:50b9e4ed414498ff721d0bd3cb88b747ea822d9d05b2a72eb05c33f4f67d8899","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2608.02440/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In noisy social dilemmas, intended actions are stochastically corrupted before execution, so an observed defection may reflect hostile intent or action error. Standard Markov Decision Process (MDP) formulations treat executed actions as states, structurally precluding this distinction and causing systematic over-retaliation. We introduce a Partially Observable MDP (POMDP) formulation encoding opponent intentions as latent states and executed actions as noisy observations, solved within the active inference (AIF) framework with a cost function that decomposes into epistemic and pragmatic compon","authors_text":"Jonathan Shock, Kival Mahadew","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T16:20:11Z","title":"Intention Inference Under Execution Noise: Separating Aleatoric and Epistemic Uncertainty in Social Dilemmas"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2608.02440","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:43af29e3555bd0b6f3792d5fc5445cf120914d820b7f1bc206caac89abec5686","target":"record","created_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b2cb6a6e15ca4e57b40a0bd1181da2cd0e86350c2af22e5acc6a1589bb9ec688","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T16:20:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"5379e8888fe668adc33bc65f1e5157c94b983f386469aaa95a22603e96b21933"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2608.02440","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"48171c854fd0e9d0c4617ca709c38a4381d67f0128a1c4ead689d6de2ae10a32","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"48171c854fd0e9d0c4617ca709c38a4381d67f0128a1c4ead689d6de2ae10a32","first_computed_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30.582686Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30.582686Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"S5NSXXTKiz5iyDFefW2eQcDI407MvIEziqbJnEKunOmG6e7WbACAoLiKqMXSarGVyhvNDUKbbBCkTyQu9g03CQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-08-04T02:43:30.584932Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2608.02440","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:43af29e3555bd0b6f3792d5fc5445cf120914d820b7f1bc206caac89abec5686","sha256:50b9e4ed414498ff721d0bd3cb88b747ea822d9d05b2a72eb05c33f4f67d8899"],"state_sha256":"3bcb27fbc0ec043536b0e2cb64ad02563e584e33adeac99d0dc2b04d0195e8b4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nTokU0/rJSdbQTxoMODlSnC3uRZnYvlGYts8g2mO+UCP5sHiuRa1JvoQD6fHuB+apr9nz5FllhIIz0Q7MWdOAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T19:58:00.997459Z","bundle_sha256":"e6063e648634ec87e5e0c2facc983a62b3a6c591618306fbb788f38afd01204d"}}