{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:JAMOHGNWW6J2HP544RFP3O2AAV","short_pith_number":"pith:JAMOHGNW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2501.12543","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2025-01-21T23:27:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph","nucl-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"3fb0450da4ca9c5689d7e7cf97d35b58f127338fd1f35b1bb6d748da87a17e35","abstract_canon_sha256":"a4436784f4a8806c259f38e6aad0b47d369426caf1c46fbf778efbe0fe3d2f69"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4818e399b6b793a3bfbce44afdbb40056a7d857c62f3ffcf4680b3c62966bb82","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2501.12543","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2501.12543","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2501.12543v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2501.12543","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JAMOHGNWW6J2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JAMOHGNWW6J2HP54","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JAMOHGNW","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:JAMOHGNWW6J2HP544RFP3O2AAV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2501.12543","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2025-01-21T23:27:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph","nucl-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"3fb0450da4ca9c5689d7e7cf97d35b58f127338fd1f35b1bb6d748da87a17e35","abstract_canon_sha256":"a4436784f4a8806c259f38e6aad0b47d369426caf1c46fbf778efbe0fe3d2f69"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4818e399b6b793a3bfbce44afdbb40056a7d857c62f3ffcf4680b3c62966bb82","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40.703144Z","signature_b64":"9ssW1+8EEW71UR559/4k12rZsSUwvzibmgwXbSGl9MdvmlDYZtDtcBmCk+WhsCCeeqVJQaa/ztCnHXM3TM9PBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4818e399b6b793a3bfbce44afdbb40056a7d857c62f3ffcf4680b3c62966bb82","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40.702664Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40.702664Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2501.12543","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iKlWHoq2hFSnitqDW0bMksPELFjRI8KupxbmNbmMXO409WKR0YRWbvTWS5EGhPGa7cTMKw0MMn3JPmkOQjv0Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T20:22:33.136527Z"},"content_sha256":"88559b7d3f47e2c8b9450a137582b66b224bf88bacdf81cafff3dbe59b1a7f8a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:88559b7d3f47e2c8b9450a137582b66b224bf88bacdf81cafff3dbe59b1a7f8a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:JAMOHGNWW6J2HP544RFP3O2AAV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Extending Israel-Stewart theory: Causal bulk viscosity at large gradients","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph","nucl-th"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Lorenzo Gavassino","submitted_at":"2025-01-21T23:27:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present a class of relativistic fluid models for cold and dense matter with bulk viscosity, whose equilibrium equation of state is polytropic. These models reduce to Israel-Stewart theory for small values of the viscous stress $\\Pi$. However, when $\\Pi$ becomes comparable to the equilibrium pressure $P$, the evolution equations \"adjust\" to prevent the onset of far-from-equilibrium pathologies that would otherwise plague Israel-Stewart. Specifically, the equations of motion remain symmetric hyperbolic and causal at all times along any continuously differentiable flow, and across the whole th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2501.12543","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2501.12543/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gHwJL2dDfv03YEw04VRzbdfE+/3KGXylTo383oq+38ZxriwCwnHSR7qaMJsqeaLdu7kCP1OrXmL55VqVvPUABg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T20:22:33.137393Z"},"content_sha256":"89ed36d728b82588ec2c81eaad4d7b309ce80bcefb60c1b3bd79eb01c16df9ee","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:89ed36d728b82588ec2c81eaad4d7b309ce80bcefb60c1b3bd79eb01c16df9ee"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JAMOHGNWW6J2HP544RFP3O2AAV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JAMOHGNWW6J2HP544RFP3O2AAV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JAMOHGNWW6J2HP544RFP3O2AAV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-11T20:22:33Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JAMOHGNWW6J2HP544RFP3O2AAV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JAMOHGNWW6J2HP544RFP3O2AAV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JAMOHGNWW6J2HP544RFP3O2AAV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JAMOHGNWW6J2HP544RFP3O2AAV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:JAMOHGNWW6J2HP544RFP3O2AAV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a4436784f4a8806c259f38e6aad0b47d369426caf1c46fbf778efbe0fe3d2f69","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph","nucl-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2025-01-21T23:27:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"3fb0450da4ca9c5689d7e7cf97d35b58f127338fd1f35b1bb6d748da87a17e35"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2501.12543","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2501.12543","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2501.12543v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2501.12543","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JAMOHGNWW6J2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JAMOHGNWW6J2HP54","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JAMOHGNW","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:89ed36d728b82588ec2c81eaad4d7b309ce80bcefb60c1b3bd79eb01c16df9ee","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2501.12543/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present a class of relativistic fluid models for cold and dense matter with bulk viscosity, whose equilibrium equation of state is polytropic. These models reduce to Israel-Stewart theory for small values of the viscous stress $\\Pi$. However, when $\\Pi$ becomes comparable to the equilibrium pressure $P$, the evolution equations \"adjust\" to prevent the onset of far-from-equilibrium pathologies that would otherwise plague Israel-Stewart. Specifically, the equations of motion remain symmetric hyperbolic and causal at all times along any continuously differentiable flow, and across the whole th","authors_text":"Lorenzo Gavassino","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph","nucl-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2025-01-21T23:27:25Z","title":"Extending Israel-Stewart theory: Causal bulk viscosity at large gradients"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2501.12543","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:88559b7d3f47e2c8b9450a137582b66b224bf88bacdf81cafff3dbe59b1a7f8a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a4436784f4a8806c259f38e6aad0b47d369426caf1c46fbf778efbe0fe3d2f69","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph","nucl-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2025-01-21T23:27:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"3fb0450da4ca9c5689d7e7cf97d35b58f127338fd1f35b1bb6d748da87a17e35"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2501.12543","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"4818e399b6b793a3bfbce44afdbb40056a7d857c62f3ffcf4680b3c62966bb82","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4818e399b6b793a3bfbce44afdbb40056a7d857c62f3ffcf4680b3c62966bb82","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40.702664Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40.702664Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9ssW1+8EEW71UR559/4k12rZsSUwvzibmgwXbSGl9MdvmlDYZtDtcBmCk+WhsCCeeqVJQaa/ztCnHXM3TM9PBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:40.703144Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2501.12543","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:88559b7d3f47e2c8b9450a137582b66b224bf88bacdf81cafff3dbe59b1a7f8a","sha256:89ed36d728b82588ec2c81eaad4d7b309ce80bcefb60c1b3bd79eb01c16df9ee"],"state_sha256":"0d0eb3e637dd05ddf8fb274dca5d60d33a3f989bfe8b5efe94d56a57bf44fdc5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NsVJyRq+ZItkBQ5sMi+hiyGGJiORbWV2c6kvKfOilHe4MAyBWhEGsOnXQZrmHMQLGTvOAMKKJ0/jTv26ndjeAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T20:22:33.143945Z","bundle_sha256":"1d2c0f465243827dd7358a93e0d2dfe85f3f2f1c3fd12c8ae8cf5327bfd44117"}}