{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:JB67BMWPE7TQBVY5CL5PVUYRUY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e8e233bbe52c4308129bd18176f633729791e9b7b89ae3744ae66f3ae630f132","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.PL","cs.SE","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-07-14T05:49:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"41e120864802152f02ce1feed9a04465badc39cad3ac9a832c450a2263da32cd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2007.06835","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2007.06835","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2007.06835v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2007.06835","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JB67BMWPE7TQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JB67BMWPE7TQBVY5","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JB67BMWP","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:23Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ed72f1024960f72c3dd91cd982c9ca7c152f7ccf5dadab6a1f785bd501c70413","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2007.06835/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We formalize and study ``programming by rewards'' (PBR), a new approach for specifying and synthesizing subroutines for optimizing some quantitative metric such as performance, resource utilization, or correctness over a benchmark. A PBR specification consists of (1) input features $x$, and (2) a reward function $r$, modeled as a black-box component (which we can only run), that assigns a reward for each execution. The goal of the synthesizer is to synthesize a \"decision function\" $f$ which transforms the features to a decision value for the black-box component so as to maximize the expected r","authors_text":"Ajaykrishna Karthikeyan, Ivan Radicek, Johannes Gehrke, Nagarajan Natarajan, Prateek Jain, Sriram Rajamani, Sumit Gulwani","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.PL","cs.SE","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-07-14T05:49:14Z","title":"Programming by Rewards"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2007.06835","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b2bfd044f3c0c8ef0a4b3a29114ba78a64624387756bf7cd8b6b244245032ae5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e8e233bbe52c4308129bd18176f633729791e9b7b89ae3744ae66f3ae630f132","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.PL","cs.SE","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-07-14T05:49:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"41e120864802152f02ce1feed9a04465badc39cad3ac9a832c450a2263da32cd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2007.06835","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"487df0b2cf27e700d71d12fafad311a62fb460f2281edf7f98b0a8cce5e34117","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"487df0b2cf27e700d71d12fafad311a62fb460f2281edf7f98b0a8cce5e34117","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:23.720228Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:23.720228Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"O0ehl5UmNAI9qB5EufDAkhjvNisI8W2BQIHHe4xHSHMc6vLbOBUEKevePnpgNdB4WBUBWZwu7WqXjJFIKII6Dg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:23.720688Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2007.06835","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b2bfd044f3c0c8ef0a4b3a29114ba78a64624387756bf7cd8b6b244245032ae5","sha256:ed72f1024960f72c3dd91cd982c9ca7c152f7ccf5dadab6a1f785bd501c70413"],"state_sha256":"5a04ad6f6624999b015962926401b3a93d7470c98989da56cdea583b03fb05a2"}