{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:JBCZHMTLUOUYSHRXFOEAJOUMLJ","short_pith_number":"pith:JBCZHMTL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.17479","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2024-11-26T14:41:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2fe611198e60e136b1549533fff8e0caf822ddde658ab3f4b448edb50d00a56b","abstract_canon_sha256":"ca05203ca9c7e3548159668fa2eb346e47a305c8ba3036c9584f358fe1cce9ea"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"484593b26ba3a9891e372b8804ba8c5a68ddd596796926612b0d1266f7437ead","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2411.17479","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.17479","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.17479v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.17479","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JBCZHMTLUOUY","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JBCZHMTLUOUYSHRX","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JBCZHMTL","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:JBCZHMTLUOUYSHRXFOEAJOUMLJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.17479","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2024-11-26T14:41:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2fe611198e60e136b1549533fff8e0caf822ddde658ab3f4b448edb50d00a56b","abstract_canon_sha256":"ca05203ca9c7e3548159668fa2eb346e47a305c8ba3036c9584f358fe1cce9ea"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"484593b26ba3a9891e372b8804ba8c5a68ddd596796926612b0d1266f7437ead","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47.788521Z","signature_b64":"w2vfN7DbCslJWXK8v8+04brNomQM4k3eSiO7vp2N3aPWa5Y47UA0BjaWnIqKizHOttwACnVWcUTTBtWUcJT5Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"484593b26ba3a9891e372b8804ba8c5a68ddd596796926612b0d1266f7437ead","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47.788098Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47.788098Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2411.17479","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ExmiIMFrCGl9ivIwOOKvJyZaoqRse6Cco6IJTTfS6ygNcN+JEVhbB4trEQxVht+5zHJQa8vEZgqeuaoCEPHICQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T23:10:55.295664Z"},"content_sha256":"a5abaa3b4129c3011bb139cf2ee6bb5ab44a3180b19f65452de101668d1125e7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a5abaa3b4129c3011bb139cf2ee6bb5ab44a3180b19f65452de101668d1125e7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:JBCZHMTLUOUYSHRXFOEAJOUMLJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Digital Engineering Approach to Testing Modern AI and Complex Systems","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"eess.SP","authors_text":"Brian C. Watson, Daniel L. Stevens, Gavin I. McGee, Hoan K. Nguyen, John Don Carlos, Joseph R. Guerci, Robert W. Schutz, Sandeep Gogineni","submitted_at":"2024-11-26T14:41:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"Modern AI (i.e., Deep Learning and its variants) is here to stay. However, its enigmatic black box nature presents a fundamental challenge to the traditional methods of test and validation (T&E). Or does it? In this paper we introduce a Digital Engineering (DE) approach to T&E (DE-T&E), combined with generative AI, that can achieve requisite mil spec statistical validation as well as uncover potential deleterious Black Swan events that might otherwise not be uncovered until it is too late. An illustration of these concepts is presented for an advanced modern radar example employing deep learni"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.17479","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2411.17479/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VAygh/0RIHZ9FulZROo+tj4OeMuqrLzEzhcU2y/H4As9rFgvs1Xr9cL8ax7tDPfwK4h9UwQ/ouOFf6YGC4n1Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T23:10:55.296046Z"},"content_sha256":"0a83693fe233a51a20486cd28b74fed749ad1a1fc9200f84e940fcf066b7bd51","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0a83693fe233a51a20486cd28b74fed749ad1a1fc9200f84e940fcf066b7bd51"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JBCZHMTLUOUYSHRXFOEAJOUMLJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JBCZHMTLUOUYSHRXFOEAJOUMLJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JBCZHMTLUOUYSHRXFOEAJOUMLJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-12T23:10:55Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JBCZHMTLUOUYSHRXFOEAJOUMLJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JBCZHMTLUOUYSHRXFOEAJOUMLJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JBCZHMTLUOUYSHRXFOEAJOUMLJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JBCZHMTLUOUYSHRXFOEAJOUMLJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:JBCZHMTLUOUYSHRXFOEAJOUMLJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ca05203ca9c7e3548159668fa2eb346e47a305c8ba3036c9584f358fe1cce9ea","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2024-11-26T14:41:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"2fe611198e60e136b1549533fff8e0caf822ddde658ab3f4b448edb50d00a56b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.17479","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.17479","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.17479v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.17479","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JBCZHMTLUOUY","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JBCZHMTLUOUYSHRX","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JBCZHMTL","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0a83693fe233a51a20486cd28b74fed749ad1a1fc9200f84e940fcf066b7bd51","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2411.17479/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Modern AI (i.e., Deep Learning and its variants) is here to stay. However, its enigmatic black box nature presents a fundamental challenge to the traditional methods of test and validation (T&E). Or does it? In this paper we introduce a Digital Engineering (DE) approach to T&E (DE-T&E), combined with generative AI, that can achieve requisite mil spec statistical validation as well as uncover potential deleterious Black Swan events that might otherwise not be uncovered until it is too late. An illustration of these concepts is presented for an advanced modern radar example employing deep learni","authors_text":"Brian C. Watson, Daniel L. Stevens, Gavin I. McGee, Hoan K. Nguyen, John Don Carlos, Joseph R. Guerci, Robert W. Schutz, Sandeep Gogineni","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2024-11-26T14:41:28Z","title":"A Digital Engineering Approach to Testing Modern AI and Complex Systems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.17479","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a5abaa3b4129c3011bb139cf2ee6bb5ab44a3180b19f65452de101668d1125e7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ca05203ca9c7e3548159668fa2eb346e47a305c8ba3036c9584f358fe1cce9ea","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2024-11-26T14:41:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"2fe611198e60e136b1549533fff8e0caf822ddde658ab3f4b448edb50d00a56b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.17479","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"484593b26ba3a9891e372b8804ba8c5a68ddd596796926612b0d1266f7437ead","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"484593b26ba3a9891e372b8804ba8c5a68ddd596796926612b0d1266f7437ead","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47.788098Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47.788098Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"w2vfN7DbCslJWXK8v8+04brNomQM4k3eSiO7vp2N3aPWa5Y47UA0BjaWnIqKizHOttwACnVWcUTTBtWUcJT5Cw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:40:47.788521Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2411.17479","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a5abaa3b4129c3011bb139cf2ee6bb5ab44a3180b19f65452de101668d1125e7","sha256:0a83693fe233a51a20486cd28b74fed749ad1a1fc9200f84e940fcf066b7bd51"],"state_sha256":"a19a976f5c9ed1feb39af88486007c0a626ce854706da9d792f4faf7e67b3b8c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5/d56/jU7pvG99FJL2ld7JC4KxALojrcQ0QhUHBLR5BFTH87dJSKh36148FReGcdWK1m1rotWt4Xo4DtmyO6CA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T23:10:55.298498Z","bundle_sha256":"2fb90e56dce344d108d006a1ebb97df4ae81424bcce947a95a97583fc96fb7d1"}}