{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2002:JC7KALKH25RYV5HJKXNV2ELSRO","short_pith_number":"pith:JC7KALKH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0203137","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2002-03-08T20:59:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"ebc0fc336b4bceaf00eb961062a433919dd2d197a52724df5a71ac5da2a9be6f","abstract_canon_sha256":"d7164c15ecf6da85ab5e89191f9b233014ae1b9383dff56796ab59cb0025a844"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"48bea02d47d7638af4e955db5d11728bb23d0e305d13b4fd3791f7a8974db67d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/0203137","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0203137","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0203137v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0203137","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JC7KALKH25RY","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JC7KALKH25RYV5HJ","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JC7KALKH","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2002:JC7KALKH25RYV5HJKXNV2ELSRO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0203137","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2002-03-08T20:59:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"ebc0fc336b4bceaf00eb961062a433919dd2d197a52724df5a71ac5da2a9be6f","abstract_canon_sha256":"d7164c15ecf6da85ab5e89191f9b233014ae1b9383dff56796ab59cb0025a844"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"48bea02d47d7638af4e955db5d11728bb23d0e305d13b4fd3791f7a8974db67d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31.317412Z","signature_b64":"GqUQpV6fEiAwZOKWEHurhnv7Xr7Zbhth6E3mIuBGjggdCQdUOqrdfCvJsaoYy8Sjkg1CK+KVaPW3L0GLLPbvDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"48bea02d47d7638af4e955db5d11728bb23d0e305d13b4fd3791f7a8974db67d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31.316972Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31.316972Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/0203137","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qi1uD7c7JWf2jB0sG6BAQpSxzhOltfYZw1htddJmdqCFLDzf5yTUifFJ8t6nLkgtCDcfgVoqGdqOtcNSfI6SCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T23:32:47.642844Z"},"content_sha256":"1d16f549a1bb1c898875f4bfb27dad3905298a0027fe776f3780a982e1adc0b4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1d16f549a1bb1c898875f4bfb27dad3905298a0027fe776f3780a982e1adc0b4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2002:JC7KALKH25RYV5HJKXNV2ELSRO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On the Degeneracy Inherent in Observational Determination of the Dark Energy Equation of State","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Ira Wasserman","submitted_at":"2002-03-08T20:59:37Z","abstract_excerpt":"Using a specific model for the expansion rate of the Universe as a function of scale factor, it is demonstrated that the equation of state of the dark energy cannot be determined uniquely from observations at redshifts $z\\lesssim{\\rm a few}$ unless the fraction of the mass density of the Universe in nonrelativistic particles, $\\Omega_M$, somehow can be found independently. A phenomenological model is employed to discuss the utility of additional constraints from the formation of large scale structure and the positions of CMB peaks in breaking the degeneracy among models for the dark energy."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0203137","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0203137/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AylSY1x94YQ0BsF35cL5eDqSRsM01iur2BcUUvcvzfb17qN+a6BQl7zwUipYdfkGVYoIHIUOFos1MapapVLDCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T23:32:47.643363Z"},"content_sha256":"7f6642a53e5c42c38f27b7e335f0f8d0e2dc7708e66ca82534d0b4903723093e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7f6642a53e5c42c38f27b7e335f0f8d0e2dc7708e66ca82534d0b4903723093e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JC7KALKH25RYV5HJKXNV2ELSRO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JC7KALKH25RYV5HJKXNV2ELSRO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JC7KALKH25RYV5HJKXNV2ELSRO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-02T23:32:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JC7KALKH25RYV5HJKXNV2ELSRO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JC7KALKH25RYV5HJKXNV2ELSRO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JC7KALKH25RYV5HJKXNV2ELSRO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JC7KALKH25RYV5HJKXNV2ELSRO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2002:JC7KALKH25RYV5HJKXNV2ELSRO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d7164c15ecf6da85ab5e89191f9b233014ae1b9383dff56796ab59cb0025a844","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2002-03-08T20:59:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"ebc0fc336b4bceaf00eb961062a433919dd2d197a52724df5a71ac5da2a9be6f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0203137","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0203137","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0203137v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0203137","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JC7KALKH25RY","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JC7KALKH25RYV5HJ","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JC7KALKH","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7f6642a53e5c42c38f27b7e335f0f8d0e2dc7708e66ca82534d0b4903723093e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0203137/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Using a specific model for the expansion rate of the Universe as a function of scale factor, it is demonstrated that the equation of state of the dark energy cannot be determined uniquely from observations at redshifts $z\\lesssim{\\rm a few}$ unless the fraction of the mass density of the Universe in nonrelativistic particles, $\\Omega_M$, somehow can be found independently. A phenomenological model is employed to discuss the utility of additional constraints from the formation of large scale structure and the positions of CMB peaks in breaking the degeneracy among models for the dark energy.","authors_text":"Ira Wasserman","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2002-03-08T20:59:37Z","title":"On the Degeneracy Inherent in Observational Determination of the Dark Energy Equation of State"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0203137","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1d16f549a1bb1c898875f4bfb27dad3905298a0027fe776f3780a982e1adc0b4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d7164c15ecf6da85ab5e89191f9b233014ae1b9383dff56796ab59cb0025a844","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2002-03-08T20:59:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"ebc0fc336b4bceaf00eb961062a433919dd2d197a52724df5a71ac5da2a9be6f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0203137","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"48bea02d47d7638af4e955db5d11728bb23d0e305d13b4fd3791f7a8974db67d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"48bea02d47d7638af4e955db5d11728bb23d0e305d13b4fd3791f7a8974db67d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31.316972Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31.316972Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"GqUQpV6fEiAwZOKWEHurhnv7Xr7Zbhth6E3mIuBGjggdCQdUOqrdfCvJsaoYy8Sjkg1CK+KVaPW3L0GLLPbvDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:29:31.317412Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/0203137","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1d16f549a1bb1c898875f4bfb27dad3905298a0027fe776f3780a982e1adc0b4","sha256:7f6642a53e5c42c38f27b7e335f0f8d0e2dc7708e66ca82534d0b4903723093e"],"state_sha256":"0f88efbfd57e6a8c6b7c8aab3fc894c1f3dca766e42ab13ba7ae260abf5cb890"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bX8uCCK3I3a4YVLUycIDvlXxm6P2jtdJDJr+ZCXSdyAOPyEC0AX+vBbx1XdNpFzPp55pNPvbd211PSrIA7t1BQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T23:32:47.647341Z","bundle_sha256":"fac8d9169b12e0f717acbb7385bbf162e659a33260ac65f67221a3ec89202830"}}