{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:JDCSGDETJUL7EFSJ2UYSAZ5UI5","short_pith_number":"pith:JDCSGDET","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1202.0884","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2012-02-04T09:45:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"bd7031c44c45d16028589e3a7ae9ee6a014eb2f5f312f5ad5a01f7a7599d82a2","abstract_canon_sha256":"67ffec0a41762575bcbd54fabec4a51b51062fdc6a1d826e943fd2fb5b66663d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"48c5230c934d17f21649d5312067b44774ab4b363937b19e109ab7752e02ba7f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1202.0884","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1202.0884","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1202.0884v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1202.0884","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JDCSGDETJUL7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JDCSGDETJUL7EFSJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JDCSGDET","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:11Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:JDCSGDETJUL7EFSJ2UYSAZ5UI5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1202.0884","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2012-02-04T09:45:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"bd7031c44c45d16028589e3a7ae9ee6a014eb2f5f312f5ad5a01f7a7599d82a2","abstract_canon_sha256":"67ffec0a41762575bcbd54fabec4a51b51062fdc6a1d826e943fd2fb5b66663d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"48c5230c934d17f21649d5312067b44774ab4b363937b19e109ab7752e02ba7f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:05.906635Z","signature_b64":"rWHRPND4xC0tSafHOEVp74ZknODdsfkEB+ARIKcn8c46HRrvFfHOLhbLBi2DMGXqW0NiTvmmGyLNSZ28lDlvBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"48c5230c934d17f21649d5312067b44774ab4b363937b19e109ab7752e02ba7f","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:05.905747Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:05.905747Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1202.0884","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Oh4iDflXzrKIvhsNOalWw6v1h/kiWP9vz62MnHGAqKY4GLV2R3olv2YbbKgUtIvapue2Lr7LYf7IPAjosCXlAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-24T14:04:37.849103Z"},"content_sha256":"713edc2ddefa33eb93f1e4815aee05a07d5602f5936e12fd87fd4fde07f4c991","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:713edc2ddefa33eb93f1e4815aee05a07d5602f5936e12fd87fd4fde07f4c991"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:JDCSGDETJUL7EFSJ2UYSAZ5UI5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Cyber-Insurance in Internet Security: A Dig into the Information Asymmetry Problem","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Ranjan Pal","submitted_at":"2012-02-04T09:45:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"Internet users such as individuals and organizations are subject to different types of epidemic risks such as worms, viruses, spams, and botnets. To reduce the probability of risk, an Internet user generally invests in traditional security mechanisms like anti-virus and anti-spam software, sometimes also known as \\emph{self-defense} mechanisms. However, according to security experts, such software (and their subsequent advancements) will not completely eliminate risk. Recent research efforts have considered the problem of residual risk elimination by proposing the idea of \\emph{cyber-insurance"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1202.0884","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ndBPpKQEsHWzXqYoe7Bx2AhhU+C1+ZaBjBu0Qvx63s16LVDH5fZpomKyv54MTfRlmspJ+kp8zHtVpw8vXqHVCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-24T14:04:37.849503Z"},"content_sha256":"bb5ef5516dfad73c1f16fed41d5ac1e65f60915f1a81df65c4306394cb673a37","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bb5ef5516dfad73c1f16fed41d5ac1e65f60915f1a81df65c4306394cb673a37"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JDCSGDETJUL7EFSJ2UYSAZ5UI5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JDCSGDETJUL7EFSJ2UYSAZ5UI5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JDCSGDETJUL7EFSJ2UYSAZ5UI5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-24T14:04:37Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JDCSGDETJUL7EFSJ2UYSAZ5UI5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JDCSGDETJUL7EFSJ2UYSAZ5UI5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JDCSGDETJUL7EFSJ2UYSAZ5UI5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JDCSGDETJUL7EFSJ2UYSAZ5UI5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:JDCSGDETJUL7EFSJ2UYSAZ5UI5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"67ffec0a41762575bcbd54fabec4a51b51062fdc6a1d826e943fd2fb5b66663d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2012-02-04T09:45:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"bd7031c44c45d16028589e3a7ae9ee6a014eb2f5f312f5ad5a01f7a7599d82a2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1202.0884","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1202.0884","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1202.0884v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1202.0884","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JDCSGDETJUL7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JDCSGDETJUL7EFSJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JDCSGDET","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:11Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:bb5ef5516dfad73c1f16fed41d5ac1e65f60915f1a81df65c4306394cb673a37","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Internet users such as individuals and organizations are subject to different types of epidemic risks such as worms, viruses, spams, and botnets. To reduce the probability of risk, an Internet user generally invests in traditional security mechanisms like anti-virus and anti-spam software, sometimes also known as \\emph{self-defense} mechanisms. However, according to security experts, such software (and their subsequent advancements) will not completely eliminate risk. Recent research efforts have considered the problem of residual risk elimination by proposing the idea of \\emph{cyber-insurance","authors_text":"Ranjan Pal","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2012-02-04T09:45:43Z","title":"Cyber-Insurance in Internet Security: A Dig into the Information Asymmetry Problem"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1202.0884","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:713edc2ddefa33eb93f1e4815aee05a07d5602f5936e12fd87fd4fde07f4c991","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"67ffec0a41762575bcbd54fabec4a51b51062fdc6a1d826e943fd2fb5b66663d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2012-02-04T09:45:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"bd7031c44c45d16028589e3a7ae9ee6a014eb2f5f312f5ad5a01f7a7599d82a2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1202.0884","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"48c5230c934d17f21649d5312067b44774ab4b363937b19e109ab7752e02ba7f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"48c5230c934d17f21649d5312067b44774ab4b363937b19e109ab7752e02ba7f","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:05.905747Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:05.905747Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rWHRPND4xC0tSafHOEVp74ZknODdsfkEB+ARIKcn8c46HRrvFfHOLhbLBi2DMGXqW0NiTvmmGyLNSZ28lDlvBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:05.906635Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1202.0884","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:713edc2ddefa33eb93f1e4815aee05a07d5602f5936e12fd87fd4fde07f4c991","sha256:bb5ef5516dfad73c1f16fed41d5ac1e65f60915f1a81df65c4306394cb673a37"],"state_sha256":"652e41ad0d256fb8e1d86658b6706b091f4fab5c0d298bab7c647775593cd15d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hUmFDKkeNgw0udWDFT+yEp8oS9mP9BgGiE1M02HsufGrSqrCOVle42tRxswCKkaU0H+GnLRHahgJ7EbYakmQBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-24T14:04:37.852196Z","bundle_sha256":"dfc62ea3b5b1051da2452e027de95a36287260df4be4fc755b5e4cea1a9714b3"}}