{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:JE2C5S26BPAMS3LJHOWFFCL56H","short_pith_number":"pith:JE2C5S26","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.12181","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2018-11-26T21:09:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.IR","cs.LG","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"cc74fbb4353b05792a3ea266e7a6dc4618cda535aa165a70ebde8c0ef6f39195","abstract_canon_sha256":"836c37c9356e04667cd78dc3cde245f356dfc237302eb924773a067c642597ed"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"49342ecb5e0bc0c96d693bac52897df1e6ff4d951759c8e4c28796e25eaebaff","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1811.12181","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.12181","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.12181v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.12181","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JE2C5S26BPAM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JE2C5S26BPAMS3LJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JE2C5S26","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:JE2C5S26BPAMS3LJHOWFFCL56H","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.12181","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2018-11-26T21:09:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.IR","cs.LG","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"cc74fbb4353b05792a3ea266e7a6dc4618cda535aa165a70ebde8c0ef6f39195","abstract_canon_sha256":"836c37c9356e04667cd78dc3cde245f356dfc237302eb924773a067c642597ed"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"49342ecb5e0bc0c96d693bac52897df1e6ff4d951759c8e4c28796e25eaebaff","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:34.185079Z","signature_b64":"8Wc+HFsTBni8G7Y5vCFXQgsL2uUSWqXrqB4sIxqbnNpBN1e3eflqPmKF42ei17JDf9ZDicOAl5FpRs/MieT3BQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"49342ecb5e0bc0c96d693bac52897df1e6ff4d951759c8e4c28796e25eaebaff","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:34.184249Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:34.184249Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1811.12181","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UaBL1Wih7Vaam56ks4t8KSr50xjwYvrxhPJ4urtxBsmpu2MNoOKIJled0hDUE5jwPn81zS9wvPdkiU1/PPkUDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T05:39:00.180876Z"},"content_sha256":"42854e4acda4a439196fbee1dfa002e2461a2c859fd8dafd6278384530793fe7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:42854e4acda4a439196fbee1dfa002e2461a2c859fd8dafd6278384530793fe7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:JE2C5S26BPAMS3LJHOWFFCL56H","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"What Should I Learn First: Introducing LectureBank for NLP Education and Prerequisite Chain Learning","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CL","cs.IR","cs.LG","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Alexander R. Fabbri, Dragomir R. Radev, Irene Li, Robert R. Tung","submitted_at":"2018-11-26T21:09:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recent years have witnessed the rising popularity of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and related fields such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). Many online courses and resources are available even for those without a strong background in the field. Often the student is curious about a specific topic but does not quite know where to begin studying. To answer the question of \"what should one learn first,\" we apply an embedding-based method to learn prerequisite relations for course concepts in the domain of NLP. We introduce LectureBank, a dataset containing 1,352 Engli"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.12181","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UaV6km0GYUrXxHRqhuStuMcSeWO+j90sK8orwREFdDK7nFjWVxUfCjfQ6Ak3nAwznnvAXL/wCPrg+yLQoKd7CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T05:39:00.181539Z"},"content_sha256":"1307fa28a79aeac4f9297cdd13605aaaf2268a1d8ca516f92834763ef4570467","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1307fa28a79aeac4f9297cdd13605aaaf2268a1d8ca516f92834763ef4570467"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JE2C5S26BPAMS3LJHOWFFCL56H/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JE2C5S26BPAMS3LJHOWFFCL56H/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JE2C5S26BPAMS3LJHOWFFCL56H/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T05:39:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JE2C5S26BPAMS3LJHOWFFCL56H","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JE2C5S26BPAMS3LJHOWFFCL56H/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JE2C5S26BPAMS3LJHOWFFCL56H/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JE2C5S26BPAMS3LJHOWFFCL56H/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:JE2C5S26BPAMS3LJHOWFFCL56H","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"836c37c9356e04667cd78dc3cde245f356dfc237302eb924773a067c642597ed","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.IR","cs.LG","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2018-11-26T21:09:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"cc74fbb4353b05792a3ea266e7a6dc4618cda535aa165a70ebde8c0ef6f39195"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.12181","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.12181","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.12181v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.12181","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JE2C5S26BPAM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JE2C5S26BPAMS3LJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JE2C5S26","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1307fa28a79aeac4f9297cdd13605aaaf2268a1d8ca516f92834763ef4570467","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recent years have witnessed the rising popularity of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and related fields such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). Many online courses and resources are available even for those without a strong background in the field. Often the student is curious about a specific topic but does not quite know where to begin studying. To answer the question of \"what should one learn first,\" we apply an embedding-based method to learn prerequisite relations for course concepts in the domain of NLP. We introduce LectureBank, a dataset containing 1,352 Engli","authors_text":"Alexander R. Fabbri, Dragomir R. Radev, Irene Li, Robert R. Tung","cross_cats":["cs.CL","cs.IR","cs.LG","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2018-11-26T21:09:20Z","title":"What Should I Learn First: Introducing LectureBank for NLP Education and Prerequisite Chain Learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.12181","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:42854e4acda4a439196fbee1dfa002e2461a2c859fd8dafd6278384530793fe7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"836c37c9356e04667cd78dc3cde245f356dfc237302eb924773a067c642597ed","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.IR","cs.LG","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2018-11-26T21:09:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"cc74fbb4353b05792a3ea266e7a6dc4618cda535aa165a70ebde8c0ef6f39195"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.12181","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"49342ecb5e0bc0c96d693bac52897df1e6ff4d951759c8e4c28796e25eaebaff","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"49342ecb5e0bc0c96d693bac52897df1e6ff4d951759c8e4c28796e25eaebaff","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:34.184249Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:34.184249Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"8Wc+HFsTBni8G7Y5vCFXQgsL2uUSWqXrqB4sIxqbnNpBN1e3eflqPmKF42ei17JDf9ZDicOAl5FpRs/MieT3BQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:34.185079Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1811.12181","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:42854e4acda4a439196fbee1dfa002e2461a2c859fd8dafd6278384530793fe7","sha256:1307fa28a79aeac4f9297cdd13605aaaf2268a1d8ca516f92834763ef4570467"],"state_sha256":"1add8e7cca9062aa424c3deb15fd224fa681115e3ce356fb76cc89e654e8acbb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"++yNKp1NzAPcDCm/4qSw2G71TW+4sFqC3b8IgoB8RMeaFS0Va0iXftJ6Cbk3iUWYs98vZMjWa7CyZuQsHZo9BA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T05:39:00.184569Z","bundle_sha256":"e7fcef3de30d3904f64a60926665369e862b26900ceee6014e1c76fa665c41b0"}}