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Here we use first-principles calculations to identify the origin of the \\emph{n}-type tendency in bulk Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$: The Se vacancies (V$_\\text{Se1}$ and V$_\\text{Se2}$) and Se$_{\\text{Bi}}$ antisite dominate the donorlike doping with low formation energy, while the predisposed Bi$_{\\text{Se1}}$ defect results in the pair of V$_\\text{Se1}$ and Bi interstitial, which is also a "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1201.2469","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2012-01-12T03:32:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a951c7ef042931691174c1db2fb276a0f0297e621209e1ac5a2cd7802a39d8f3","abstract_canon_sha256":"c1397c4c78603c936fb0bdb8a62162cbba01ed98106ab64979376dd3c409f8c1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:04:44.363332Z","signature_b64":"VOfAdHip520xdGDxb+SUht/5mxgQewXG/I4KHlBEmIy1YYxTm4PbUiZFm9LPyZwsBdqOWtnk+CImPf6vJb/SAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"49217c60fd0f187fe2b4c07bb618898b8b7d4559c4a21a6fe006e4580f526448","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:04:44.362896Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:04:44.362896Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"First-principles study of native point defects in topological insulator Bi$_2$Se$_3$","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"Ping Zhang, Shuang-Xi Wang, Shu-Shen Li","submitted_at":"2012-01-12T03:32:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"The \\emph{p}-type Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$ is much desirable as a promising thermoelectric material and topological insulator, while the naturally grown Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$ is always \\emph{n}-type doped by native point defects. 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