{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:JG3ZQMY3A2E77M3EMXHITRUEZ7","short_pith_number":"pith:JG3ZQMY3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.18830","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-05-12T21:43:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4f3a2d3d561ae518686053e65f421a8269f4eb5ac05d2daa66f6b3d518c8cb5c","abstract_canon_sha256":"fa1171ebc34bb2e3bae4855537b492580d86ae6bf04f2b2a60ef8d19416f0ff7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"49b798331b0689ffb36465ce89c684cfd5d318c23f05530e52e497a9d1f0ac6d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2605.18830","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.18830","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.18830v1","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.18830","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JG3ZQMY3A2E7","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JG3ZQMY3A2E77M3E","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JG3ZQMY3","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:JG3ZQMY3A2E77M3EMXHITRUEZ7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.18830","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-05-12T21:43:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4f3a2d3d561ae518686053e65f421a8269f4eb5ac05d2daa66f6b3d518c8cb5c","abstract_canon_sha256":"fa1171ebc34bb2e3bae4855537b492580d86ae6bf04f2b2a60ef8d19416f0ff7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"49b798331b0689ffb36465ce89c684cfd5d318c23f05530e52e497a9d1f0ac6d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24.828193Z","signature_b64":"cqisDBcHbTP8HPUaVfGWP+c97SXh+xDodkmeBlpdrkmvPgcWCF0bhdLJ+ZcRXklVod3GjQYQgGoxwURBjFaNDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"49b798331b0689ffb36465ce89c684cfd5d318c23f05530e52e497a9d1f0ac6d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24.827443Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24.827443Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2605.18830","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xAz6NEN70mna1eoAaLjMdTU3B8Ksuo1go+nND8zqkkV02hIPo34ZwOlRnSuReA5H/+h77tzvKodVfAj+UgIMBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T14:46:35.589203Z"},"content_sha256":"bb0c072a181a7f77c32bc675a04b4a8d2a36e060462d9183495bd03a1897c87b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bb0c072a181a7f77c32bc675a04b4a8d2a36e060462d9183495bd03a1897c87b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:JG3ZQMY3A2E77M3EMXHITRUEZ7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"In-Context Learning Operates as Concept Subspace Learning","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Fakhri Karray, Lijie Hu, Wei Tang, Xinyan Jiang","submitted_at":"2026-05-12T21:43:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"Regression and Bayesian accounts of in-context learning (ICL) explain how demonstrations can induce predictors, while mechanistic analyses often identify compact activation directions that steer prompted behavior. However, it remains unclear whether structured demonstrations induce low-dimensional concept inference. We study this question through a concept-subspace view of ICL, in which tasks vary only along intrinsic concept coordinates, although inputs are observed in a high-dimensional ambient space. For ridge and least-squares ICL proxies, prediction decomposes exactly into concept-coordin"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.18830","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.18830/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"J0TPaYimvdpwisB5XJoUFQA4emPi3F1H543xqDsl3iBb05e/rz8sF74wxnVEgRVf8uLYlCbjwTTxAU4pa7PLCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T14:46:35.589620Z"},"content_sha256":"94aeec6dd21b9545d6dc0dd2f2fe3afe595bb8e5fee5bf476abe2119ca7277d6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:94aeec6dd21b9545d6dc0dd2f2fe3afe595bb8e5fee5bf476abe2119ca7277d6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JG3ZQMY3A2E77M3EMXHITRUEZ7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JG3ZQMY3A2E77M3EMXHITRUEZ7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JG3ZQMY3A2E77M3EMXHITRUEZ7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T14:46:35Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JG3ZQMY3A2E77M3EMXHITRUEZ7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JG3ZQMY3A2E77M3EMXHITRUEZ7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JG3ZQMY3A2E77M3EMXHITRUEZ7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JG3ZQMY3A2E77M3EMXHITRUEZ7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:JG3ZQMY3A2E77M3EMXHITRUEZ7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fa1171ebc34bb2e3bae4855537b492580d86ae6bf04f2b2a60ef8d19416f0ff7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-05-12T21:43:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"4f3a2d3d561ae518686053e65f421a8269f4eb5ac05d2daa66f6b3d518c8cb5c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.18830","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.18830","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.18830v1","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.18830","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JG3ZQMY3A2E7","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JG3ZQMY3A2E77M3E","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JG3ZQMY3","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:94aeec6dd21b9545d6dc0dd2f2fe3afe595bb8e5fee5bf476abe2119ca7277d6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2605.18830/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Regression and Bayesian accounts of in-context learning (ICL) explain how demonstrations can induce predictors, while mechanistic analyses often identify compact activation directions that steer prompted behavior. However, it remains unclear whether structured demonstrations induce low-dimensional concept inference. We study this question through a concept-subspace view of ICL, in which tasks vary only along intrinsic concept coordinates, although inputs are observed in a high-dimensional ambient space. For ridge and least-squares ICL proxies, prediction decomposes exactly into concept-coordin","authors_text":"Fakhri Karray, Lijie Hu, Wei Tang, Xinyan Jiang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-05-12T21:43:48Z","title":"In-Context Learning Operates as Concept Subspace Learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.18830","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:bb0c072a181a7f77c32bc675a04b4a8d2a36e060462d9183495bd03a1897c87b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fa1171ebc34bb2e3bae4855537b492580d86ae6bf04f2b2a60ef8d19416f0ff7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-05-12T21:43:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"4f3a2d3d561ae518686053e65f421a8269f4eb5ac05d2daa66f6b3d518c8cb5c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.18830","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"49b798331b0689ffb36465ce89c684cfd5d318c23f05530e52e497a9d1f0ac6d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"49b798331b0689ffb36465ce89c684cfd5d318c23f05530e52e497a9d1f0ac6d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24.827443Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24.827443Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"cqisDBcHbTP8HPUaVfGWP+c97SXh+xDodkmeBlpdrkmvPgcWCF0bhdLJ+ZcRXklVod3GjQYQgGoxwURBjFaNDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-20T00:06:24.828193Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2605.18830","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:bb0c072a181a7f77c32bc675a04b4a8d2a36e060462d9183495bd03a1897c87b","sha256:94aeec6dd21b9545d6dc0dd2f2fe3afe595bb8e5fee5bf476abe2119ca7277d6"],"state_sha256":"be7af104fc9b2f347bb154df415f3bcc5f71169d47cb906ae88626a0e8d34133"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"z+QyzPgkqQ9oIk3Tv2N8GEsCcSkNWas7UAhdGe7+wL+qKLi34cmSs4ljX5BGGYpv1FEgmGDZwGACRwFbWWmyBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T14:46:35.592916Z","bundle_sha256":"2eb4c51abc9a00aa9256e1f6abbb5f4fdb6c609360ae7c4461cfbac5f734fd90"}}