{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:JGWH6OVKHA555IFB2IVXAEDD2S","short_pith_number":"pith:JGWH6OVK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2304.06219","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2023-04-13T02:17:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9cb9db8d3a8e24612d1b4edb08a3fdf09ec30869754e74d35f8b4476c2431b0b","abstract_canon_sha256":"a1c98520e0ccd6d7fc99df233526f2aea0d5a1ccb20426fbc5b69e6886e104bc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"49ac7f3aaa383bdea0a1d22b701063d48462ccb8f63993c9f0ec0553b06df3b5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2304.06219","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2304.06219","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2304.06219v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2304.06219","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JGWH6OVKHA55","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JGWH6OVKHA555IFB","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JGWH6OVK","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:JGWH6OVKHA555IFB2IVXAEDD2S","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2304.06219","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2023-04-13T02:17:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9cb9db8d3a8e24612d1b4edb08a3fdf09ec30869754e74d35f8b4476c2431b0b","abstract_canon_sha256":"a1c98520e0ccd6d7fc99df233526f2aea0d5a1ccb20426fbc5b69e6886e104bc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"49ac7f3aaa383bdea0a1d22b701063d48462ccb8f63993c9f0ec0553b06df3b5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40.291788Z","signature_b64":"R4jQICJmfbHzctE8f0XxDuP7ODK7gtxgtY2cYpzYVpzg4xWDfwMR/+lmHoRu6KJw+v7XgHOQFlQ9eApfQB12BQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"49ac7f3aaa383bdea0a1d22b701063d48462ccb8f63993c9f0ec0553b06df3b5","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40.291224Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40.291224Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2304.06219","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CGJLF3yjCDt2SD7FuHXVXdfGT53uJrPOHIq6VRpPTUJr+567vHdUDiUu33SwGHRsUAXGIKLjYiGvWJCUetPVBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T10:45:23.271435Z"},"content_sha256":"d7b463cfb095f92da3e543a3706a3c2d3c165afd4e2f63ceaeb3b6b45745a160","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d7b463cfb095f92da3e543a3706a3c2d3c165afd4e2f63ceaeb3b6b45745a160"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:JGWH6OVKHA555IFB2IVXAEDD2S","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Transport of intense ion beams in plasmas: collimation and energy-loss reduction","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","authors_text":"Benzheng Chen, Dieter H. H. Hoffmann, Dong Wu, Fei Gao, Guoqing Xiao, Jieru Ren, Rui Cheng, Stephan Fritzsche, Wei Yu, Xianming Zhou, Xiantu He, Xing Wang, Xin Qi, Yongtao Zhao, Younian Wang, Yu Lei, Yuyu Wang, Zhanghu Hu","submitted_at":"2023-04-13T02:17:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"We compare the transport properties of a well-characterized hydrogen plasma for low and high current ion beams. The energy-loss of low current beams can be well understood, within the framework of current stopping power models. However, for high current proton beams, significant energy-loss reduction and collimation is observed in the experiment. We have developed a new particle-in-cell code, which includes both collective electromagnetic effects and collisional interactions. Our simulations indicate that resistive magnetic fields, induced by the transport of an intense proton beam, act to col"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2304.06219","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2304.06219/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sZwqs635Or62M/EzRVZqnz4KLd8j97jWgLF1HVeBXCwZGCXIbLr3pYMixw+2YCCxoCtwRfN5mr4/RcDGlMyICA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T10:45:23.272411Z"},"content_sha256":"450c6afb3c3049fc1951736ca03e7672a124cd1f8b46f421daa4d64611812c8e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:450c6afb3c3049fc1951736ca03e7672a124cd1f8b46f421daa4d64611812c8e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JGWH6OVKHA555IFB2IVXAEDD2S/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JGWH6OVKHA555IFB2IVXAEDD2S/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JGWH6OVKHA555IFB2IVXAEDD2S/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T10:45:23Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JGWH6OVKHA555IFB2IVXAEDD2S","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JGWH6OVKHA555IFB2IVXAEDD2S/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JGWH6OVKHA555IFB2IVXAEDD2S/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JGWH6OVKHA555IFB2IVXAEDD2S/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:JGWH6OVKHA555IFB2IVXAEDD2S","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a1c98520e0ccd6d7fc99df233526f2aea0d5a1ccb20426fbc5b69e6886e104bc","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2023-04-13T02:17:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"9cb9db8d3a8e24612d1b4edb08a3fdf09ec30869754e74d35f8b4476c2431b0b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2304.06219","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2304.06219","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2304.06219v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2304.06219","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JGWH6OVKHA55","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JGWH6OVKHA555IFB","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JGWH6OVK","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:450c6afb3c3049fc1951736ca03e7672a124cd1f8b46f421daa4d64611812c8e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2304.06219/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We compare the transport properties of a well-characterized hydrogen plasma for low and high current ion beams. The energy-loss of low current beams can be well understood, within the framework of current stopping power models. However, for high current proton beams, significant energy-loss reduction and collimation is observed in the experiment. We have developed a new particle-in-cell code, which includes both collective electromagnetic effects and collisional interactions. Our simulations indicate that resistive magnetic fields, induced by the transport of an intense proton beam, act to col","authors_text":"Benzheng Chen, Dieter H. H. Hoffmann, Dong Wu, Fei Gao, Guoqing Xiao, Jieru Ren, Rui Cheng, Stephan Fritzsche, Wei Yu, Xianming Zhou, Xiantu He, Xing Wang, Xin Qi, Yongtao Zhao, Younian Wang, Yu Lei, Yuyu Wang, Zhanghu Hu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2023-04-13T02:17:02Z","title":"Transport of intense ion beams in plasmas: collimation and energy-loss reduction"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2304.06219","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d7b463cfb095f92da3e543a3706a3c2d3c165afd4e2f63ceaeb3b6b45745a160","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a1c98520e0ccd6d7fc99df233526f2aea0d5a1ccb20426fbc5b69e6886e104bc","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2023-04-13T02:17:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"9cb9db8d3a8e24612d1b4edb08a3fdf09ec30869754e74d35f8b4476c2431b0b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2304.06219","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"49ac7f3aaa383bdea0a1d22b701063d48462ccb8f63993c9f0ec0553b06df3b5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"49ac7f3aaa383bdea0a1d22b701063d48462ccb8f63993c9f0ec0553b06df3b5","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40.291224Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40.291224Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"R4jQICJmfbHzctE8f0XxDuP7ODK7gtxgtY2cYpzYVpzg4xWDfwMR/+lmHoRu6KJw+v7XgHOQFlQ9eApfQB12BQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:40.291788Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2304.06219","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d7b463cfb095f92da3e543a3706a3c2d3c165afd4e2f63ceaeb3b6b45745a160","sha256:450c6afb3c3049fc1951736ca03e7672a124cd1f8b46f421daa4d64611812c8e"],"state_sha256":"5736391461357e9eb795c3b86852ea9e3a35eb07daab4fccb1ea3577987f5414"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"v7ans/BKjCgWNWwxJAsmlU96qlwbbhW5mWoSFhJCNQMEGmoucOLddGel4A39+bT8Bm6fC9TpVxFJvUGHUzIdDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T10:45:23.279669Z","bundle_sha256":"6491e72aa32c0dbfa0b338d8146e7165eee356ad0ba6ae16d1a30e8aa5ffc06a"}}