{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:JHT44ZI7R3V4I6NBCGQVI2G424","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f46186f7908a68069d165b667af957f20afc02fa3db170dd19c4978c6b1ad831","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2016-02-09T01:01:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"e1845ad7fcfe46ee574bc7d4c6bbd237b53a3790df044c3a176eb61ef16d9c79"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1602.02830","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1602.02830","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1602.02830v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1602.02830","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JHT44ZI7R3V4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JHT44ZI7R3V4I6NB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JHT44ZI7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:00f2dfaec8fcbb2a2c44e169f17eddab845159066740f2bde78275f7848712fe","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We introduce a method to train Binarized Neural Networks (BNNs) - neural networks with binary weights and activations at run-time. At training-time the binary weights and activations are used for computing the parameters gradients. During the forward pass, BNNs drastically reduce memory size and accesses, and replace most arithmetic operations with bit-wise operations, which is expected to substantially improve power-efficiency. To validate the effectiveness of BNNs we conduct two sets of experiments on the Torch7 and Theano frameworks. On both, BNNs achieved nearly state-of-the-art results ov","authors_text":"Daniel Soudry, Itay Hubara, Matthieu Courbariaux, Ran El-Yaniv, Yoshua Bengio","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2016-02-09T01:01:59Z","title":"Binarized Neural Networks: Training Deep Neural Networks with Weights and Activations Constrained to +1 or -1"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1602.02830","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:60206485b9f6268129abe044acb6dc49726dd24185a5198749f0e0561eb59bd8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f46186f7908a68069d165b667af957f20afc02fa3db170dd19c4978c6b1ad831","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2016-02-09T01:01:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"e1845ad7fcfe46ee574bc7d4c6bbd237b53a3790df044c3a176eb61ef16d9c79"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1602.02830","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"49e7ce651f8eebc479a111a15468dcd72cec7d8bed6297efb67dd603c472af2c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"49e7ce651f8eebc479a111a15468dcd72cec7d8bed6297efb67dd603c472af2c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:56.975056Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:56.975056Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"54ksttwf02mnsnEMpLknyasWMZ1tplaQFR/uEz+fT8IzzhMyhmsNrC/Qon9nQ2doSPsLwDG9DKkJpUMB9HMMDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:56.975670Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1602.02830","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:60206485b9f6268129abe044acb6dc49726dd24185a5198749f0e0561eb59bd8","sha256:00f2dfaec8fcbb2a2c44e169f17eddab845159066740f2bde78275f7848712fe"],"state_sha256":"beccef5905276e15ca73be836da14b9168d4ffe5eb3b60f641a21b7ff73d0e7d"}