{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2018:JIZ3EPIL2UAGGDQHUUMK2YIUPF","short_pith_number":"pith:JIZ3EPIL","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"4a33b23d0bd500630e07a518ad6114794c308895b6d5092ba737fd931201df57","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1811.11928","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Certifying Quantum Randomness by Probability Estimation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Emanuel Knill, Peter Bierhorst, Yanbao Zhang","submitted_at":"2018-11-29T02:16:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"We introduce probability estimation, a broadly applicable framework to certify randomness in a finite sequence of measurement results without assuming that these results are independent and identically distributed. Probability estimation can take advantage of verifiable physical constraints, and the certification is with respect to classical side information. Examples include randomness from single-photon measurements and device-independent randomness from Bell tests. Advantages of probability estimation include adaptability to changing experimental conditions, unproblematic early stopping whe"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.11928","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2018-11-29T02:16:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"96505f3989f029883a79df043bac2fc1d4386f5a8371efe409992a11e8c28efc","abstract_canon_sha256":"88ce82a4f41158b3c860114f9ea880735387f370567753d11b518055e1260b93"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:35.113686Z","signature_b64":"s9au7WyBq/yuq5jEAk7HfyQMVMzCZFkD1xDAgfncIO8dlengJUZwYdmL+kxLcNVoMLde+zjF1+gIybX8NEZSBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4a33b23d0bd500630e07a518ad6114794c308895b6d5092ba737fd931201df57","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:35.113132Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:35.113132Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Certifying Quantum Randomness by Probability Estimation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Emanuel Knill, Peter Bierhorst, Yanbao Zhang","submitted_at":"2018-11-29T02:16:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"We introduce probability estimation, a broadly applicable framework to certify randomness in a finite sequence of measurement results without assuming that these results are independent and identically distributed. Probability estimation can take advantage of verifiable physical constraints, and the certification is with respect to classical side information. Examples include randomness from single-photon measurements and device-independent randomness from Bell tests. Advantages of probability estimation include adaptability to changing experimental conditions, unproblematic early stopping whe"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.11928","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.11928","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:35.113224+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.11928v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:35.113224+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.11928","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:35.113224+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JIZ3EPIL2UAG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31.084164+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JIZ3EPIL2UAGGDQH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31.084164+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JIZ3EPIL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31.084164+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/JIZ3EPIL2UAGGDQHUUMK2YIUPF","json":"https://pith.science/pith/JIZ3EPIL2UAGGDQHUUMK2YIUPF.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/JIZ3EPIL2UAGGDQHUUMK2YIUPF/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/JIZ3EPIL2UAGGDQHUUMK2YIUPF/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/JIZ3EPIL"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/JIZ3EPIL2UAGGDQHUUMK2YIUPF","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/JIZ3EPIL2UAGGDQHUUMK2YIUPF.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/JIZ3EPIL","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1811.11928&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/JIZ3EPIL2UAGGDQHUUMK2YIUPF/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/JIZ3EPIL2UAGGDQHUUMK2YIUPF/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/JIZ3EPIL2UAGGDQHUUMK2YIUPF/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/JIZ3EPIL2UAGGDQHUUMK2YIUPF/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/JIZ3EPIL2UAGGDQHUUMK2YIUPF/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/JIZ3EPIL2UAGGDQHUUMK2YIUPF/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/JIZ3EPIL2UAGGDQHUUMK2YIUPF/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:35.113224+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:35.113224+00:00"}