{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:1997:JJKFN4Z7JTNDE53EPGWYLP4RL7","short_pith_number":"pith:JJKFN4Z7","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"4a5456f33f4cda32776479ad85bf915fc8e03c32c73404c461fe5b79212c659c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"gr-qc/9710010","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Energy conditions and galaxy formation","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Matt Visser (Washington University)","submitted_at":"1997-10-02T04:29:44Z","abstract_excerpt":"This note summarizes a model-independent analysis of the age of the universe problem that trades off precision in favour of robustness: The energy conditions of Einstein gravity are designed to extract as much information as possible from classical general relativity without specifying a particular equation of state. This is particularly useful in a cosmological setting, where the equation of state for the cosmological fluid is extremely uncertain. The strong energy condition (SEC) provides a simple and robust bound on the behaviour of the look-back time as a function of red-shift. Observation"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"gr-qc/9710010","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1997-10-02T04:29:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"47961be1b6c4116eb985855f93bd542513ae71d5a32d7efefe40255182e0aa0e","abstract_canon_sha256":"9856bf4967cdad32cf3ce0da119447afa74cec05cc86fd985542af0a64d4ce33"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:04:40.268762Z","signature_b64":"lwcen3fLkCv5xDLx73SSUf45DqaLfmAo+txYCfsjomBGWdhJuqMUFxX6crX5wKSrfj+1rwGpFcjHI9e7VI/9AA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4a5456f33f4cda32776479ad85bf915fc8e03c32c73404c461fe5b79212c659c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:04:40.268392Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:04:40.268392Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Energy conditions and galaxy formation","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Matt Visser (Washington University)","submitted_at":"1997-10-02T04:29:44Z","abstract_excerpt":"This note summarizes a model-independent analysis of the age of the universe problem that trades off precision in favour of robustness: The energy conditions of Einstein gravity are designed to extract as much information as possible from classical general relativity without specifying a particular equation of state. This is particularly useful in a cosmological setting, where the equation of state for the cosmological fluid is extremely uncertain. The strong energy condition (SEC) provides a simple and robust bound on the behaviour of the look-back time as a function of red-shift. Observation"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"gr-qc/9710010","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/gr-qc/9710010/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"gr-qc/9710010","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:04:40.268457+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"gr-qc/9710010v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:04:40.268457+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/9710010","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:04:40.268457+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JJKFN4Z7JTND","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:04:40.268457+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JJKFN4Z7JTNDE53E","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:04:40.268457+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JJKFN4Z7","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:04:40.268457+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":1,"internal_anchor_count":1,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2501.00084","citing_title":"An oscillating Rastall universe crossing the phantom divide line","ref_index":100,"is_internal_anchor":true}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/JJKFN4Z7JTNDE53EPGWYLP4RL7","json":"https://pith.science/pith/JJKFN4Z7JTNDE53EPGWYLP4RL7.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/JJKFN4Z7JTNDE53EPGWYLP4RL7/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/JJKFN4Z7JTNDE53EPGWYLP4RL7/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/JJKFN4Z7"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/JJKFN4Z7JTNDE53EPGWYLP4RL7","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/JJKFN4Z7JTNDE53EPGWYLP4RL7.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/JJKFN4Z7","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=gr-qc/9710010&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/JJKFN4Z7JTNDE53EPGWYLP4RL7/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/JJKFN4Z7JTNDE53EPGWYLP4RL7/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/JJKFN4Z7JTNDE53EPGWYLP4RL7/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/JJKFN4Z7JTNDE53EPGWYLP4RL7/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/JJKFN4Z7JTNDE53EPGWYLP4RL7/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/JJKFN4Z7JTNDE53EPGWYLP4RL7/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/JJKFN4Z7JTNDE53EPGWYLP4RL7/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:04:40.268457+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-04T16:04:40.268457+00:00"}