{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:JJLKWR2NIMPCY2CROH6O5D6ZBQ","short_pith_number":"pith:JJLKWR2N","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.05655","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.PL","submitted_at":"2019-08-15T17:57:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"2b653510d96614526847ba5c57e561781f4c7d21953c08e1e193f6a48519b810","abstract_canon_sha256":"4b3c6ed281eaf220a1ae4ef7ae234e6529cba0f825b2dcd6a8b6beb6be7b42ac"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4a56ab474d431e2c685171fcee8fd90c2d291a8d2cda6d1fa21925005ce06c04","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1908.05655","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.05655","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.05655v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.05655","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JJLKWR2NIMPC","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JJLKWR2NIMPCY2CR","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JJLKWR2N","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:JJLKWR2NIMPCY2CROH6O5D6ZBQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.05655","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.PL","submitted_at":"2019-08-15T17:57:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"2b653510d96614526847ba5c57e561781f4c7d21953c08e1e193f6a48519b810","abstract_canon_sha256":"4b3c6ed281eaf220a1ae4ef7ae234e6529cba0f825b2dcd6a8b6beb6be7b42ac"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4a56ab474d431e2c685171fcee8fd90c2d291a8d2cda6d1fa21925005ce06c04","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54.810435Z","signature_b64":"wvx+Uua3D6XsxCFj8SZCWnfbYhTtZ/s15HlhbTlS1IodILcnXDRBFWi0ciXCJLBu78eeYelKDzZoOXgDOn9eDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4a56ab474d431e2c685171fcee8fd90c2d291a8d2cda6d1fa21925005ce06c04","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54.809990Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54.809990Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1908.05655","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CcENssyMPwYa/jXQHkTLaIHVx7L2w75e/U7vA5fz1Zflk/oHqVID4iApK1uu0mS91ryfbm8g2dI4LQ4+erJ1AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T05:33:51.638545Z"},"content_sha256":"30452ca166edc4fb23df1ab69d4fc05d532d5567b997971eda790a13d61f13b4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:30452ca166edc4fb23df1ab69d4fc05d532d5567b997971eda790a13d61f13b4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:JJLKWR2NIMPCY2CROH6O5D6ZBQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"CLOTHO: Directed Test Generation for Weakly Consistent Database Systems","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"primary_cat":"cs.PL","authors_text":"Benjamin Delaware, Kartik Nagar, Kia Rahmani, Suresh Jagannathan","submitted_at":"2019-08-15T17:57:37Z","abstract_excerpt":"Relational database applications are notoriously difficult to test and debug. Concurrent execution of database transactions may violate complex structural invariants that constraint how changes to the contents of one (shared) table affect the contents of another. Simplifying the underlying concurrency model is one way to ameliorate the difficulty of understanding how concurrent accesses and updates can affect database state with respect to these sophisticated properties. Enforcing serializable execution of all transactions achieves this simplification, but it comes at a significant price in pe"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.05655","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1908.05655/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rm45QL43mzL5ORZmgO0kFxt13JJNUHbAPYPffsmzbGjh6a7Cy3isnQ2Bf/2usNLazq1j6Wb9NB2nwAcQCbDYBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T05:33:51.639071Z"},"content_sha256":"4d7d3727aa48b69e44f6bbe786e768dcd64ec5bd9f9a0487a9fc2fa48355eb76","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4d7d3727aa48b69e44f6bbe786e768dcd64ec5bd9f9a0487a9fc2fa48355eb76"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JJLKWR2NIMPCY2CROH6O5D6ZBQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JJLKWR2NIMPCY2CROH6O5D6ZBQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JJLKWR2NIMPCY2CROH6O5D6ZBQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T05:33:51Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JJLKWR2NIMPCY2CROH6O5D6ZBQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JJLKWR2NIMPCY2CROH6O5D6ZBQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JJLKWR2NIMPCY2CROH6O5D6ZBQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JJLKWR2NIMPCY2CROH6O5D6ZBQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:JJLKWR2NIMPCY2CROH6O5D6ZBQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4b3c6ed281eaf220a1ae4ef7ae234e6529cba0f825b2dcd6a8b6beb6be7b42ac","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.PL","submitted_at":"2019-08-15T17:57:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"2b653510d96614526847ba5c57e561781f4c7d21953c08e1e193f6a48519b810"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.05655","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.05655","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.05655v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.05655","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JJLKWR2NIMPC","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JJLKWR2NIMPCY2CR","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JJLKWR2N","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4d7d3727aa48b69e44f6bbe786e768dcd64ec5bd9f9a0487a9fc2fa48355eb76","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1908.05655/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Relational database applications are notoriously difficult to test and debug. Concurrent execution of database transactions may violate complex structural invariants that constraint how changes to the contents of one (shared) table affect the contents of another. Simplifying the underlying concurrency model is one way to ameliorate the difficulty of understanding how concurrent accesses and updates can affect database state with respect to these sophisticated properties. Enforcing serializable execution of all transactions achieves this simplification, but it comes at a significant price in pe","authors_text":"Benjamin Delaware, Kartik Nagar, Kia Rahmani, Suresh Jagannathan","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.PL","submitted_at":"2019-08-15T17:57:37Z","title":"CLOTHO: Directed Test Generation for Weakly Consistent Database Systems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.05655","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:30452ca166edc4fb23df1ab69d4fc05d532d5567b997971eda790a13d61f13b4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4b3c6ed281eaf220a1ae4ef7ae234e6529cba0f825b2dcd6a8b6beb6be7b42ac","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.PL","submitted_at":"2019-08-15T17:57:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"2b653510d96614526847ba5c57e561781f4c7d21953c08e1e193f6a48519b810"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.05655","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4a56ab474d431e2c685171fcee8fd90c2d291a8d2cda6d1fa21925005ce06c04","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4a56ab474d431e2c685171fcee8fd90c2d291a8d2cda6d1fa21925005ce06c04","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54.809990Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54.809990Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"wvx+Uua3D6XsxCFj8SZCWnfbYhTtZ/s15HlhbTlS1IodILcnXDRBFWi0ciXCJLBu78eeYelKDzZoOXgDOn9eDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T23:56:54.810435Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1908.05655","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:30452ca166edc4fb23df1ab69d4fc05d532d5567b997971eda790a13d61f13b4","sha256:4d7d3727aa48b69e44f6bbe786e768dcd64ec5bd9f9a0487a9fc2fa48355eb76"],"state_sha256":"67be4aa78f3dc226c41e7c8509ace09ea91713dba23557eac0cd17c9e7526266"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UWKmQ5MmLYSd1dnjbqEmDvfc3aRHcxhKhlAzyLbDN9Jvv7IFa7QUbijH/g5oYSvXylKIgLbog0FSPhDA3VKZDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T05:33:51.643019Z","bundle_sha256":"66fc5697f64e259f6679a665a0328ecbc3776ab7ab5cc49a1ea9227bc053fdf4"}}