{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:JMEQPI6Q3WTX4ESBYJMCLT44PV","short_pith_number":"pith:JMEQPI6Q","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-th/9801024","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1998-01-07T04:44:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"4573c85145e56833aa98566ca2e93db953a9a18c1895a2cc9fe27140c6cab648","abstract_canon_sha256":"f8dccdfd8bf3001f4f31b78f7102495001d95aac68822028f864d7f1801586ce"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4b0907a3d0dda77e1241c25825cf9c7d4b400183f287268da2222aae39c2ceb4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"hep-th/9801024","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-th/9801024","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-th/9801024v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9801024","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JMEQPI6Q3WTX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JMEQPI6Q3WTX4ESB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JMEQPI6Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:JMEQPI6Q3WTX4ESBYJMCLT44PV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-th/9801024","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1998-01-07T04:44:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"4573c85145e56833aa98566ca2e93db953a9a18c1895a2cc9fe27140c6cab648","abstract_canon_sha256":"f8dccdfd8bf3001f4f31b78f7102495001d95aac68822028f864d7f1801586ce"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4b0907a3d0dda77e1241c25825cf9c7d4b400183f287268da2222aae39c2ceb4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:01.842732Z","signature_b64":"FaUwNi+7DoVkydZ2otN+YbqjJE5jfc4nIJx8yJs0gGBViMmwUvey9H2v8Ct/182aGrAYKO+P3QIzH3Oab7kWAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4b0907a3d0dda77e1241c25825cf9c7d4b400183f287268da2222aae39c2ceb4","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:01.842214Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:01.842214Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"hep-th/9801024","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pemNTaLUhxufOjIRBD7AqYzntBavodOm1F9nmMImo/WV7TyHm8R12Oh3ubF+dQNoEk80/t+yjZ0mUeuCmpiuAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-29T21:54:16.905873Z"},"content_sha256":"f102650b6cea90681068327e6d221ecd8a6176d097201fcd6c14cafb5f2556e5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f102650b6cea90681068327e6d221ecd8a6176d097201fcd6c14cafb5f2556e5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:JMEQPI6Q3WTX4ESBYJMCLT44PV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Yang-Mills Theory as a Deformation of Topological Field Theory, Dimensional Reduction and Quark Confinement","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-lat","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Japan), Kei-Ichi Kondo (Chiba Univ.","submitted_at":"1998-01-07T04:44:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose a reformulation of Yang-Mills theory as a perturbative deformation of a novel topological (quantum) field theory. We prove that this reformulation of the four-dimensional QCD leads to quark confinement in the sense of area law of the Wilson loop. First, Yang-Mills theory with a non-Abelian gauge group G is reformulated as a deformation of a novel topological field theory. Next, a special class of topological field theories is defined by both BRST and anti-BRST exact action corresponding to the maximal Abelian gauge leaving the maximal torus group H of G invariant. Then we find the t"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-th/9801024","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eOIQF3mpPfVPJI6inNop2WBfaDyEEeyq9rMe8HdKXGwbb0hGFzqp4UpHzWN3v5RldHEEk0v+4qx/WU0KT5dfBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-29T21:54:16.906204Z"},"content_sha256":"1b34354fd8b3cf1838939c2e12cca495b10d9d2d8fb88fed7f44dc826b07a8a8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1b34354fd8b3cf1838939c2e12cca495b10d9d2d8fb88fed7f44dc826b07a8a8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JMEQPI6Q3WTX4ESBYJMCLT44PV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JMEQPI6Q3WTX4ESBYJMCLT44PV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JMEQPI6Q3WTX4ESBYJMCLT44PV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-29T21:54:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JMEQPI6Q3WTX4ESBYJMCLT44PV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JMEQPI6Q3WTX4ESBYJMCLT44PV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JMEQPI6Q3WTX4ESBYJMCLT44PV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JMEQPI6Q3WTX4ESBYJMCLT44PV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:JMEQPI6Q3WTX4ESBYJMCLT44PV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f8dccdfd8bf3001f4f31b78f7102495001d95aac68822028f864d7f1801586ce","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat","hep-ph"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1998-01-07T04:44:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"4573c85145e56833aa98566ca2e93db953a9a18c1895a2cc9fe27140c6cab648"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-th/9801024","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-th/9801024","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-th/9801024v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9801024","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JMEQPI6Q3WTX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JMEQPI6Q3WTX4ESB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JMEQPI6Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1b34354fd8b3cf1838939c2e12cca495b10d9d2d8fb88fed7f44dc826b07a8a8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We propose a reformulation of Yang-Mills theory as a perturbative deformation of a novel topological (quantum) field theory. We prove that this reformulation of the four-dimensional QCD leads to quark confinement in the sense of area law of the Wilson loop. First, Yang-Mills theory with a non-Abelian gauge group G is reformulated as a deformation of a novel topological field theory. Next, a special class of topological field theories is defined by both BRST and anti-BRST exact action corresponding to the maximal Abelian gauge leaving the maximal torus group H of G invariant. Then we find the t","authors_text":"Japan), Kei-Ichi Kondo (Chiba Univ.","cross_cats":["hep-lat","hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1998-01-07T04:44:16Z","title":"Yang-Mills Theory as a Deformation of Topological Field Theory, Dimensional Reduction and Quark Confinement"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-th/9801024","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f102650b6cea90681068327e6d221ecd8a6176d097201fcd6c14cafb5f2556e5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f8dccdfd8bf3001f4f31b78f7102495001d95aac68822028f864d7f1801586ce","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat","hep-ph"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1998-01-07T04:44:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"4573c85145e56833aa98566ca2e93db953a9a18c1895a2cc9fe27140c6cab648"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-th/9801024","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"4b0907a3d0dda77e1241c25825cf9c7d4b400183f287268da2222aae39c2ceb4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4b0907a3d0dda77e1241c25825cf9c7d4b400183f287268da2222aae39c2ceb4","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:01.842214Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:01.842214Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"FaUwNi+7DoVkydZ2otN+YbqjJE5jfc4nIJx8yJs0gGBViMmwUvey9H2v8Ct/182aGrAYKO+P3QIzH3Oab7kWAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:01.842732Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"hep-th/9801024","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f102650b6cea90681068327e6d221ecd8a6176d097201fcd6c14cafb5f2556e5","sha256:1b34354fd8b3cf1838939c2e12cca495b10d9d2d8fb88fed7f44dc826b07a8a8"],"state_sha256":"89b669ee4b4c6f7ee1e5ba4057af597e3d287b606ce5ac9ab48fadc66301e30a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EFmg0wUL2Plp2JCtD/wB+kulS3zOP4xiBIVLOO1zvBNN+nWSzSfKjH7PCkXcyZqfMTaRhcYnNWpTuCnXSKOLCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-29T21:54:16.908028Z","bundle_sha256":"7af7909de66c0c6ebe400bd0b903fe99c04f4ab91ea5b6f9abe91c0bbff909db"}}