{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:JN2YG4EDLFIRPCGHNUSUCHTYFM","short_pith_number":"pith:JN2YG4ED","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.02924","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2025-05-05T18:02:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.IM","gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"2c1b30cdf20a8b6371365b6273ac273e8d4b6d41ea5ec494ef527d008314ccb4","abstract_canon_sha256":"31bec0ac2e1b5f61e166253d4d6245106be10298a53d03877b94ab21699cfd1a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4b7583708359511788c76d25411e782b2da24c1ee75e51ec46380ca1ff9c54b0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2505.02924","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.02924","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.02924v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.02924","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JN2YG4EDLFIR","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JN2YG4EDLFIRPCGH","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JN2YG4ED","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:JN2YG4EDLFIRPCGHNUSUCHTYFM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.02924","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2025-05-05T18:02:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.IM","gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"2c1b30cdf20a8b6371365b6273ac273e8d4b6d41ea5ec494ef527d008314ccb4","abstract_canon_sha256":"31bec0ac2e1b5f61e166253d4d6245106be10298a53d03877b94ab21699cfd1a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4b7583708359511788c76d25411e782b2da24c1ee75e51ec46380ca1ff9c54b0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26.572504Z","signature_b64":"HVgiGJwAdfGEUO/B/w7KS0PTYFEkMxz1kyLFcGr2Sy5k3/FwLU99coxqZVvFxWKJ9pXEL1enXkHWb5A8j/79BA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4b7583708359511788c76d25411e782b2da24c1ee75e51ec46380ca1ff9c54b0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26.572008Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26.572008Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2505.02924","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6MO44xLEH9UWl3702HkB/HCKGhojESGdXFsSeRuAFmMfRGmRKGS+SY8CPxf5vD2+Q3jMV4RDFZpAMsJQ7NbAAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T09:13:24.291888Z"},"content_sha256":"27fd5553eee0f16f3017fcb1db31830196f0b7427c1c1216d34266acaaf01e13","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:27fd5553eee0f16f3017fcb1db31830196f0b7427c1c1216d34266acaaf01e13"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:JN2YG4EDLFIRPCGHNUSUCHTYFM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Evidence of a fraction of LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA events coming from active galactic nuclei","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.IM","gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Liang-Gui Zhu, Xian Chen","submitted_at":"2025-05-05T18:02:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"The formation channels of the gravitational-wave (GW) sources detected by LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA (LVK) remain poorly constrained. Active galactic nucleus (AGN) has been proposed as one of the potential hosts, but the fraction of GW events originating from AGNs has not been quantified. Here, we constrain the AGN-origin fraction $f_{\\rm agn}$ by analyzing the spatial correlation between GW source localizations ($O1\\!-\\!O4$a) and AGNs (SDSS DR16). We report preliminary evidence of an excess of lower-luminosity ($10^{44.5} \\lesssim L_{\\rm bol} \\le 10^{45}~\\!\\mathrm{erg~s}^{-1}$) as well as lower-Eddingt"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.02924","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2505.02924/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Roe31ZgNDKKGK22yweiBe+RTweiHz3jecv4eC9cLAKHaRw5lfklC0r94yADYzef2BU+KSLmpdosVWNNOGq2xBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T09:13:24.292699Z"},"content_sha256":"a126534276827bd9f4d860790395a0e332d23270268796d15eb916e45a60a844","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a126534276827bd9f4d860790395a0e332d23270268796d15eb916e45a60a844"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JN2YG4EDLFIRPCGHNUSUCHTYFM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JN2YG4EDLFIRPCGHNUSUCHTYFM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JN2YG4EDLFIRPCGHNUSUCHTYFM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T09:13:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JN2YG4EDLFIRPCGHNUSUCHTYFM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JN2YG4EDLFIRPCGHNUSUCHTYFM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JN2YG4EDLFIRPCGHNUSUCHTYFM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JN2YG4EDLFIRPCGHNUSUCHTYFM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:JN2YG4EDLFIRPCGHNUSUCHTYFM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"31bec0ac2e1b5f61e166253d4d6245106be10298a53d03877b94ab21699cfd1a","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.IM","gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2025-05-05T18:02:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"2c1b30cdf20a8b6371365b6273ac273e8d4b6d41ea5ec494ef527d008314ccb4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.02924","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.02924","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.02924v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.02924","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JN2YG4EDLFIR","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JN2YG4EDLFIRPCGH","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JN2YG4ED","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a126534276827bd9f4d860790395a0e332d23270268796d15eb916e45a60a844","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2505.02924/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The formation channels of the gravitational-wave (GW) sources detected by LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA (LVK) remain poorly constrained. Active galactic nucleus (AGN) has been proposed as one of the potential hosts, but the fraction of GW events originating from AGNs has not been quantified. Here, we constrain the AGN-origin fraction $f_{\\rm agn}$ by analyzing the spatial correlation between GW source localizations ($O1\\!-\\!O4$a) and AGNs (SDSS DR16). We report preliminary evidence of an excess of lower-luminosity ($10^{44.5} \\lesssim L_{\\rm bol} \\le 10^{45}~\\!\\mathrm{erg~s}^{-1}$) as well as lower-Eddingt","authors_text":"Liang-Gui Zhu, Xian Chen","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.IM","gr-qc"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2025-05-05T18:02:47Z","title":"Evidence of a fraction of LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA events coming from active galactic nuclei"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.02924","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:27fd5553eee0f16f3017fcb1db31830196f0b7427c1c1216d34266acaaf01e13","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"31bec0ac2e1b5f61e166253d4d6245106be10298a53d03877b94ab21699cfd1a","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.IM","gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2025-05-05T18:02:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"2c1b30cdf20a8b6371365b6273ac273e8d4b6d41ea5ec494ef527d008314ccb4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.02924","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"4b7583708359511788c76d25411e782b2da24c1ee75e51ec46380ca1ff9c54b0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4b7583708359511788c76d25411e782b2da24c1ee75e51ec46380ca1ff9c54b0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26.572008Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26.572008Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"HVgiGJwAdfGEUO/B/w7KS0PTYFEkMxz1kyLFcGr2Sy5k3/FwLU99coxqZVvFxWKJ9pXEL1enXkHWb5A8j/79BA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:26.572504Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2505.02924","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:27fd5553eee0f16f3017fcb1db31830196f0b7427c1c1216d34266acaaf01e13","sha256:a126534276827bd9f4d860790395a0e332d23270268796d15eb916e45a60a844"],"state_sha256":"f78eea5b1ded57bf81f854b8b900912a6529f0eb40d19c079a597b8e447c5d79"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"r/NkWDDa01kFyro1hn20qnHDXGxDUIWHq3FueTovJSKxLL5+W++ouMQ0U1g1xHzriXeDYouytrBQTGThlggEAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T09:13:24.297646Z","bundle_sha256":"8753c04ca5de574ff160955236fb339bc6aa9be175889f58008c6ac599e78210"}}