{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:JOQHRBN2ENEVO3ZNSE3Z75BWXM","short_pith_number":"pith:JOQHRBN2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.05399","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-08-15T03:22:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"663351d6337e766ae91720c351745dd86cece4ade99b6ec02219231266736697","abstract_canon_sha256":"ed581cd31877cfe698a69725a4076c07dfbc5fd72af7119be63605caf1c961a0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4ba07885ba2349576f2d91379ff436bb3670a2388a09f0c82d789695b47572b0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1908.05399","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.05399","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.05399v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.05399","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JOQHRBN2ENEV","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JOQHRBN2ENEVO3ZN","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JOQHRBN2","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:JOQHRBN2ENEVO3ZNSE3Z75BWXM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.05399","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-08-15T03:22:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"663351d6337e766ae91720c351745dd86cece4ade99b6ec02219231266736697","abstract_canon_sha256":"ed581cd31877cfe698a69725a4076c07dfbc5fd72af7119be63605caf1c961a0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4ba07885ba2349576f2d91379ff436bb3670a2388a09f0c82d789695b47572b0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52.044368Z","signature_b64":"pY5ew+z3jydYWeuE8CiCNtdtgTY14WT1bZmWvvL1jphweDaYzGCLjMI3YH9LOmpVyI++ELW4mlm4eCvLjgEwCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4ba07885ba2349576f2d91379ff436bb3670a2388a09f0c82d789695b47572b0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52.044007Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52.044007Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1908.05399","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PwDraLalMNdTVxYLDlf4cMz07pvgfQ4R/90rEBOJFedXanRvX4H4B0vjmi0PqVKFRIPTrRzxOpQdxzNQg7MKAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T08:00:27.563975Z"},"content_sha256":"fda5efcf3f836e5853ec2158cf0029bd1aa338b5a21bf958eb2ccc7fc2a61d37","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fda5efcf3f836e5853ec2158cf0029bd1aa338b5a21bf958eb2ccc7fc2a61d37"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:JOQHRBN2ENEVO3ZNSE3Z75BWXM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"How does Object-Oriented Code Refactoring Influence Software Quality? Research Landscape and Challenges","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Paramvir Singh, Satnam Kaur","submitted_at":"2019-08-15T03:22:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"Context: Software refactoring aims to improve software quality and developer productivity. Numerous empirical studies investigating the impact of refactoring activities on software quality have been conducted over the last two decades. Objective: This study aims to perform a comprehensive systematic mapping study of existing empirical studies on evaluation of the effect of object-oriented code refactoring activities on software quality attributes. Method: We followed a multi-stage scrutinizing process to select 142 primary studies published till December 2017. The selected primary studies were"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.05399","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1908.05399/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MgQxJ8FVtMqgQKA65sOoPlTY/LoUd+QUtZBccAhJH2/nb0eVR+WdILKuXOSM9WcnrK4HUwyWpa6lBuvi3gu7DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T08:00:27.564848Z"},"content_sha256":"12a48d2c2348c737ce0cd6a9f69a227c9732752066d0ed4d65b61adc1560ddbc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:12a48d2c2348c737ce0cd6a9f69a227c9732752066d0ed4d65b61adc1560ddbc"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JOQHRBN2ENEVO3ZNSE3Z75BWXM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JOQHRBN2ENEVO3ZNSE3Z75BWXM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JOQHRBN2ENEVO3ZNSE3Z75BWXM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T08:00:27Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JOQHRBN2ENEVO3ZNSE3Z75BWXM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JOQHRBN2ENEVO3ZNSE3Z75BWXM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JOQHRBN2ENEVO3ZNSE3Z75BWXM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JOQHRBN2ENEVO3ZNSE3Z75BWXM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:JOQHRBN2ENEVO3ZNSE3Z75BWXM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ed581cd31877cfe698a69725a4076c07dfbc5fd72af7119be63605caf1c961a0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-08-15T03:22:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"663351d6337e766ae91720c351745dd86cece4ade99b6ec02219231266736697"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.05399","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.05399","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.05399v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.05399","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JOQHRBN2ENEV","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JOQHRBN2ENEVO3ZN","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JOQHRBN2","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:12a48d2c2348c737ce0cd6a9f69a227c9732752066d0ed4d65b61adc1560ddbc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1908.05399/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Context: Software refactoring aims to improve software quality and developer productivity. Numerous empirical studies investigating the impact of refactoring activities on software quality have been conducted over the last two decades. Objective: This study aims to perform a comprehensive systematic mapping study of existing empirical studies on evaluation of the effect of object-oriented code refactoring activities on software quality attributes. Method: We followed a multi-stage scrutinizing process to select 142 primary studies published till December 2017. The selected primary studies were","authors_text":"Paramvir Singh, Satnam Kaur","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-08-15T03:22:57Z","title":"How does Object-Oriented Code Refactoring Influence Software Quality? Research Landscape and Challenges"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.05399","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fda5efcf3f836e5853ec2158cf0029bd1aa338b5a21bf958eb2ccc7fc2a61d37","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ed581cd31877cfe698a69725a4076c07dfbc5fd72af7119be63605caf1c961a0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-08-15T03:22:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"663351d6337e766ae91720c351745dd86cece4ade99b6ec02219231266736697"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.05399","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4ba07885ba2349576f2d91379ff436bb3670a2388a09f0c82d789695b47572b0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4ba07885ba2349576f2d91379ff436bb3670a2388a09f0c82d789695b47572b0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52.044007Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52.044007Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"pY5ew+z3jydYWeuE8CiCNtdtgTY14WT1bZmWvvL1jphweDaYzGCLjMI3YH9LOmpVyI++ELW4mlm4eCvLjgEwCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T23:57:52.044368Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1908.05399","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fda5efcf3f836e5853ec2158cf0029bd1aa338b5a21bf958eb2ccc7fc2a61d37","sha256:12a48d2c2348c737ce0cd6a9f69a227c9732752066d0ed4d65b61adc1560ddbc"],"state_sha256":"fef4870ab0079e543c1592b98e13c39d98accf005c96285cc51aac8b7f2cb2c3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"lMRFO3MEl2DK6cwLfIyr7hwnIGS9pBgDDEVcPt3MDxb+Xff4mq1SzCSeaNuKvd/ncLjFGRmhbOBEy5OtxlnxDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T08:00:27.569795Z","bundle_sha256":"0ce6a76b9cc1eba5dfd4db0aa719b5c09b061456201cf78144b1b5180570418a"}}