{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:JPGET3ZNWMQF2XJJIJH47YNKQJ","short_pith_number":"pith:JPGET3ZN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-th/9808163","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1998-08-27T00:57:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"87ba3991fa536b4f436ef81fc4e80930eac87636510b4b80a52955319fa312de","abstract_canon_sha256":"400cfaf5f2a297c3819888376299cd56732322ac02af437b9ba559a75978ffd6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4bcc49ef2db3205d5d29424fcfe1aa8271dd569d6ed416abf28bb0ff2ab2d123","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"hep-th/9808163","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-th/9808163","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-th/9808163v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9808163","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JPGET3ZNWMQF","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JPGET3ZNWMQF2XJJ","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JPGET3ZN","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:JPGET3ZNWMQF2XJJIJH47YNKQJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-th/9808163","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1998-08-27T00:57:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"87ba3991fa536b4f436ef81fc4e80930eac87636510b4b80a52955319fa312de","abstract_canon_sha256":"400cfaf5f2a297c3819888376299cd56732322ac02af437b9ba559a75978ffd6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4bcc49ef2db3205d5d29424fcfe1aa8271dd569d6ed416abf28bb0ff2ab2d123","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53.537178Z","signature_b64":"Gr0JsUYBIuxwcxh6jEiFWO/a24IS/Uct5xbHvTA/JUarNAkSVSoEJXz3HQAhuYvwL//Si4UJcj+p0qvCRb5sAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4bcc49ef2db3205d5d29424fcfe1aa8271dd569d6ed416abf28bb0ff2ab2d123","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53.536776Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53.536776Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"hep-th/9808163","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dEAWaQVs5ollFYmk1YIwUxwNtFYB4A0CIBMvyhV92Vso2eLRmls9Zsu5JrHQF6atqKO1Ftzcnr3y75CBCqyJAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T22:56:51.070016Z"},"content_sha256":"55e6f15f79670f474f1dd0141aba081e2929c4f731065b2d1ccbcc08a7f6498e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:55e6f15f79670f474f1dd0141aba081e2929c4f731065b2d1ccbcc08a7f6498e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:JPGET3ZNWMQF2XJJIJH47YNKQJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Quantum Gravity Without Ghosts","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Bryce DeWitt, Carmen Molina-Paris","submitted_at":"1998-08-27T00:57:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"An outline is given of a recently discovered technique for building a quantum effective action that is completely independent of gauge-fixing choices and ghost determinants. One makes maximum use of the geometry and fibre-bundle structure of the space of field histories and introduces a set of nonlocal composite fields: the geodesic normal fields based on Vilkovisky's connection on the space of histories. The closed-time-path formalism of Schwinger, Bakshi, Mahantappa {\\it et al} can be adapted for these fields, and a set of gauge-fixing-independent dynamical equations for their expectation va"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-th/9808163","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/hep-th/9808163/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WLwyABEdCntEr/14waOPSYU96e7wdhWlYYGQlIPwU3IZp9yYeFJ349jnxV0i+VpULpd/kfvJ7Ld6GfSOSn3jCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T22:56:51.070569Z"},"content_sha256":"c8847072911b268fb79bdbc3bfbf45a7d4f72081a4976ca541489de9f6d2efed","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c8847072911b268fb79bdbc3bfbf45a7d4f72081a4976ca541489de9f6d2efed"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JPGET3ZNWMQF2XJJIJH47YNKQJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JPGET3ZNWMQF2XJJIJH47YNKQJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JPGET3ZNWMQF2XJJIJH47YNKQJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-03T22:56:51Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JPGET3ZNWMQF2XJJIJH47YNKQJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JPGET3ZNWMQF2XJJIJH47YNKQJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JPGET3ZNWMQF2XJJIJH47YNKQJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JPGET3ZNWMQF2XJJIJH47YNKQJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:JPGET3ZNWMQF2XJJIJH47YNKQJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"400cfaf5f2a297c3819888376299cd56732322ac02af437b9ba559a75978ffd6","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1998-08-27T00:57:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"87ba3991fa536b4f436ef81fc4e80930eac87636510b4b80a52955319fa312de"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-th/9808163","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-th/9808163","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-th/9808163v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9808163","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JPGET3ZNWMQF","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JPGET3ZNWMQF2XJJ","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JPGET3ZN","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c8847072911b268fb79bdbc3bfbf45a7d4f72081a4976ca541489de9f6d2efed","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/hep-th/9808163/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"An outline is given of a recently discovered technique for building a quantum effective action that is completely independent of gauge-fixing choices and ghost determinants. One makes maximum use of the geometry and fibre-bundle structure of the space of field histories and introduces a set of nonlocal composite fields: the geodesic normal fields based on Vilkovisky's connection on the space of histories. The closed-time-path formalism of Schwinger, Bakshi, Mahantappa {\\it et al} can be adapted for these fields, and a set of gauge-fixing-independent dynamical equations for their expectation va","authors_text":"Bryce DeWitt, Carmen Molina-Paris","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1998-08-27T00:57:21Z","title":"Quantum Gravity Without Ghosts"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-th/9808163","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:55e6f15f79670f474f1dd0141aba081e2929c4f731065b2d1ccbcc08a7f6498e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"400cfaf5f2a297c3819888376299cd56732322ac02af437b9ba559a75978ffd6","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1998-08-27T00:57:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"87ba3991fa536b4f436ef81fc4e80930eac87636510b4b80a52955319fa312de"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-th/9808163","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4bcc49ef2db3205d5d29424fcfe1aa8271dd569d6ed416abf28bb0ff2ab2d123","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4bcc49ef2db3205d5d29424fcfe1aa8271dd569d6ed416abf28bb0ff2ab2d123","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53.536776Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53.536776Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Gr0JsUYBIuxwcxh6jEiFWO/a24IS/Uct5xbHvTA/JUarNAkSVSoEJXz3HQAhuYvwL//Si4UJcj+p0qvCRb5sAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:53.537178Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"hep-th/9808163","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:55e6f15f79670f474f1dd0141aba081e2929c4f731065b2d1ccbcc08a7f6498e","sha256:c8847072911b268fb79bdbc3bfbf45a7d4f72081a4976ca541489de9f6d2efed"],"state_sha256":"47573cec9b2da4c0eab8969d39b35dca1cec34c764d6eca0a530f68d3c671d00"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3ndYvpZLblrSGTM0jPIOGavqktp8YEh8GZhqRfqKiUibnZXjfabV4vXlziYgm+6VNnVDLfXSzHdv3p3czQM9CQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T22:56:51.074283Z","bundle_sha256":"9f15d21ca234f93fa4fbea773960ada7416569995d0c2288c7da04eb4ee20215"}}