{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:JPKFBNNUKBXKGPQ5EN7QL4VKDN","short_pith_number":"pith:JPKFBNNU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1109.2143","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2011-09-09T20:31:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"49b06c0fc68dee7d32c1a03c90c3b164296348e39639224d71bbf4df5931d070","abstract_canon_sha256":"ae7b5964d8946c986142e137b116d41f8cf2c4a357407028be1df9a483ad04c8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4bd450b5b4506ea33e1d237f05f2aa1b6a8fb4565e44927b60c6e335c51ca912","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1109.2143","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1109.2143","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:13:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1109.2143v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:13:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1109.2143","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:13:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JPKFBNNUKBXK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JPKFBNNUKBXKGPQ5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JPKFBNNU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:JPKFBNNUKBXKGPQ5EN7QL4VKDN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1109.2143","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2011-09-09T20:31:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"49b06c0fc68dee7d32c1a03c90c3b164296348e39639224d71bbf4df5931d070","abstract_canon_sha256":"ae7b5964d8946c986142e137b116d41f8cf2c4a357407028be1df9a483ad04c8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4bd450b5b4506ea33e1d237f05f2aa1b6a8fb4565e44927b60c6e335c51ca912","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:13:38.492179Z","signature_b64":"t6hlXZPGolgzHrlcgx/yLJBGUyTtdk/2UmkGndePeTa0mUgfvyDdISkrVYsxXHXGvmcddF6le+VY9qneqXb+Dw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4bd450b5b4506ea33e1d237f05f2aa1b6a8fb4565e44927b60c6e335c51ca912","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:13:38.491613Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:13:38.491613Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1109.2143","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:13:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kFKtEh2Bro7Pl8PV6lOyGG3i1zQjiEYI9ZrTfIk90GzhzE+YR0qDjYAqZ0D+DLsyYIcMVI3kpU88idfKUnItBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T13:23:00.018823Z"},"content_sha256":"a044baf1541ce091869e44861ffc39f69766c9968c1c6e3360829aa2b6602aa8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a044baf1541ce091869e44861ffc39f69766c9968c1c6e3360829aa2b6602aa8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:JPKFBNNUKBXKGPQ5EN7QL4VKDN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Ignorability in Statistical and Probabilistic Inference","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"M. Jaeger","submitted_at":"2011-09-09T20:31:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"When dealing with incomplete data in statistical learning, or incomplete observations in probabilistic inference, one needs to distinguish the fact that a certain event is observed from the fact that the observed event has happened. Since the modeling and computational complexities entailed by maintaining this proper distinction are often prohibitive, one asks for conditions under which it can be safely ignored. Such conditions are given by the missing at random (mar) and coarsened at random (car) assumptions. In this paper we provide an in-depth analysis of several questions relating to mar/c"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1109.2143","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:13:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kByTFdFy76gNz2D5WJgYb0mlBkaJb3N+br1wHn3zqfF2L3xpAyIYdXpj5lszqi4x5Z4/rxwjwN4cBPqem7TyCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T13:23:00.019430Z"},"content_sha256":"e12a0561893e1b1e8b95eaa8b408e56e22753ce7f5fceb17f5d8c789d0d7d3d2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e12a0561893e1b1e8b95eaa8b408e56e22753ce7f5fceb17f5d8c789d0d7d3d2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JPKFBNNUKBXKGPQ5EN7QL4VKDN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JPKFBNNUKBXKGPQ5EN7QL4VKDN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JPKFBNNUKBXKGPQ5EN7QL4VKDN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T13:23:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JPKFBNNUKBXKGPQ5EN7QL4VKDN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JPKFBNNUKBXKGPQ5EN7QL4VKDN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JPKFBNNUKBXKGPQ5EN7QL4VKDN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JPKFBNNUKBXKGPQ5EN7QL4VKDN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:JPKFBNNUKBXKGPQ5EN7QL4VKDN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ae7b5964d8946c986142e137b116d41f8cf2c4a357407028be1df9a483ad04c8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2011-09-09T20:31:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"49b06c0fc68dee7d32c1a03c90c3b164296348e39639224d71bbf4df5931d070"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1109.2143","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1109.2143","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:13:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1109.2143v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:13:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1109.2143","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:13:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JPKFBNNUKBXK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JPKFBNNUKBXKGPQ5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JPKFBNNU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e12a0561893e1b1e8b95eaa8b408e56e22753ce7f5fceb17f5d8c789d0d7d3d2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:13:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"When dealing with incomplete data in statistical learning, or incomplete observations in probabilistic inference, one needs to distinguish the fact that a certain event is observed from the fact that the observed event has happened. Since the modeling and computational complexities entailed by maintaining this proper distinction are often prohibitive, one asks for conditions under which it can be safely ignored. Such conditions are given by the missing at random (mar) and coarsened at random (car) assumptions. In this paper we provide an in-depth analysis of several questions relating to mar/c","authors_text":"M. Jaeger","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2011-09-09T20:31:47Z","title":"Ignorability in Statistical and Probabilistic Inference"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1109.2143","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a044baf1541ce091869e44861ffc39f69766c9968c1c6e3360829aa2b6602aa8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:13:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ae7b5964d8946c986142e137b116d41f8cf2c4a357407028be1df9a483ad04c8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2011-09-09T20:31:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"49b06c0fc68dee7d32c1a03c90c3b164296348e39639224d71bbf4df5931d070"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1109.2143","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4bd450b5b4506ea33e1d237f05f2aa1b6a8fb4565e44927b60c6e335c51ca912","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4bd450b5b4506ea33e1d237f05f2aa1b6a8fb4565e44927b60c6e335c51ca912","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:13:38.491613Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:13:38.491613Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"t6hlXZPGolgzHrlcgx/yLJBGUyTtdk/2UmkGndePeTa0mUgfvyDdISkrVYsxXHXGvmcddF6le+VY9qneqXb+Dw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:13:38.492179Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1109.2143","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a044baf1541ce091869e44861ffc39f69766c9968c1c6e3360829aa2b6602aa8","sha256:e12a0561893e1b1e8b95eaa8b408e56e22753ce7f5fceb17f5d8c789d0d7d3d2"],"state_sha256":"151786d2e206d1ee79719f782a135fc9db57178f7156f0bfd8971aa108bf2361"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"p5DfRq+OXnvZtFH2HI1GNuu2RR4+AQeYdFc/2U9UKE9Q28/BPDambsdHbsEEehBnGYy95sR2Idlrr6dD878hDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T13:23:00.022237Z","bundle_sha256":"e4e60c1fed19a695dbca1a1557b6036cea658ecfe9e42b7980a6856e60eaa495"}}