{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:JQA5SRAVQW22W5UCSZTXKZEXTX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"02a9a35f92bb901befb6ab06d4179689ab63b3f8515b7f7afd0ed04864ce7251","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.HE","astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2013-01-11T21:00:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"ffd4f8e9c511d03cfaaa28d5a3bcfa14773852046921e8f6142fe253e84bf6ec"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1301.2600","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1301.2600","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1301.2600v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1301.2600","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JQA5SRAVQW22","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JQA5SRAVQW22W5UC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JQA5SRAV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:dd8cf9b3ec91bafe5766e713b54b71887e61421f71f93c316d52cc565abbf9f6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A fundamental assumption in our understanding of disks is that when the Toomre Q>>1, the disk is stable against fragmentation into self-gravitating objects (and so cannot form planets via direct collapse). But if disks are turbulent, this neglects a spectrum of stochastic density fluctuations that can produce rare, high-density mass concentrations. Here, we use a recently-developed analytic framework to predict the statistics of these fluctuations, i.e. the rate of fragmentation and mass spectrum of fragments formed in a turbulent Keplerian disk. Turbulent disks are never completely stable: we","authors_text":"Jessie L. Christiansen (SETI/Ames), Philip F. Hopkins (Caltech/Berkeley)","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.HE","astro-ph.SR"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2013-01-11T21:00:05Z","title":"Turbulent Disks are Never Stable: Fragmentation and Turbulence-Promoted Planet Formation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1301.2600","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0439eec488e522ecc9d4fcd99ce70e29e765e2d33788a13b63e47b913e4e3a25","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"02a9a35f92bb901befb6ab06d4179689ab63b3f8515b7f7afd0ed04864ce7251","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.HE","astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2013-01-11T21:00:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"ffd4f8e9c511d03cfaaa28d5a3bcfa14773852046921e8f6142fe253e84bf6ec"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1301.2600","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"4c01d9441585b5ab768296677564979df4d352b09d8e795e8e51ede3a00a9fab","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4c01d9441585b5ab768296677564979df4d352b09d8e795e8e51ede3a00a9fab","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:52.204656Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:52.204656Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"MQYH7mpfb1BKYkHmBY1UBwbiKrui21dmSyxmEs7nH9eCe2yZO/lIpIhHTxjqb22g1aLbtLoHpRH7ucUWxSR6CQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:52.205284Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1301.2600","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0439eec488e522ecc9d4fcd99ce70e29e765e2d33788a13b63e47b913e4e3a25","sha256:dd8cf9b3ec91bafe5766e713b54b71887e61421f71f93c316d52cc565abbf9f6"],"state_sha256":"e106e60605812d7ea4b90beb4dd6973491e148b2534cbadaffe35156357706a3"}