{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:JSSNGHXOEQI3QXHOBJJCAUADK4","short_pith_number":"pith:JSSNGHXO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.06402","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T18:41:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"91311a78d96e0e4c134b1506d9ec70ec9d343c9596a7bb4d1c97dba24c14acba","abstract_canon_sha256":"e37148f35d4459d55e7e84ed8999dc09436027d9a8b6bb5590ccbf99d98abe58"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4ca4d31eee2411b85cee0a522050035735339a355d80a457bd6191544c5af0db","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1809.06402","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.06402","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.06402v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.06402","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JSSNGHXOEQI3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JSSNGHXOEQI3QXHO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JSSNGHXO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:JSSNGHXOEQI3QXHOBJJCAUADK4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.06402","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T18:41:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"91311a78d96e0e4c134b1506d9ec70ec9d343c9596a7bb4d1c97dba24c14acba","abstract_canon_sha256":"e37148f35d4459d55e7e84ed8999dc09436027d9a8b6bb5590ccbf99d98abe58"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4ca4d31eee2411b85cee0a522050035735339a355d80a457bd6191544c5af0db","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27.295100Z","signature_b64":"qWVqQACTqlm1H9GPFSxkPfHZBuewY7tuABBQukJx9GhpB5n6s+U2TUfdvg5WZrCQVXRfdJj8+0vc6K7HJjvJBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4ca4d31eee2411b85cee0a522050035735339a355d80a457bd6191544c5af0db","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27.294366Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27.294366Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1809.06402","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hDyhDb5KH9hP+4dnTriGnrpmXBIJvwsS2fCNJmqBBupUlOtNbPzY7imNa/pnSJ0tvNgRIN4QoCXn4bv3Ptb0Ag==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T02:21:06.526835Z"},"content_sha256":"3c0b0afb079e8591bded3eff6ba1375af93b1f4cdf44ffa168675b3e7204efa3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3c0b0afb079e8591bded3eff6ba1375af93b1f4cdf44ffa168675b3e7204efa3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:JSSNGHXOEQI3QXHOBJJCAUADK4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Crowdsourcing Lung Nodules Detection and Annotation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Arie Kaufman, Ji Hwan Park, Kevin Baker, Saad Nadeem, Saeed Boorboor","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T18:41:58Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present crowdsourcing as an additional modality to aid radiologists in the diagnosis of lung cancer from clinical chest computed tomography (CT) scans. More specifically, a complete workflow is introduced which can help maximize the sensitivity of lung nodule detection by utilizing the collective intelligence of the crowd. We combine the concept of overlapping thin-slab maximum intensity projections (TS-MIPs) and cine viewing to render short videos that can be outsourced as an annotation task to the crowd. These videos are generated by linearly interpolating overlapping TS-MIPs of CT slices"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.06402","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qXGdZsvTU80fCnQsCV1AppwrefouYRCl28OdL8BmDVo4dgiOXPOvvV+d2ryQBt53QoICypQM4/nq9tF8ExRpBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T02:21:06.527184Z"},"content_sha256":"c95f032267f7340ad5ab7d7e5e3b14b6b297c5bede41fabb88d37e6aee9c3f10","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c95f032267f7340ad5ab7d7e5e3b14b6b297c5bede41fabb88d37e6aee9c3f10"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JSSNGHXOEQI3QXHOBJJCAUADK4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JSSNGHXOEQI3QXHOBJJCAUADK4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JSSNGHXOEQI3QXHOBJJCAUADK4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-23T02:21:06Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JSSNGHXOEQI3QXHOBJJCAUADK4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JSSNGHXOEQI3QXHOBJJCAUADK4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JSSNGHXOEQI3QXHOBJJCAUADK4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JSSNGHXOEQI3QXHOBJJCAUADK4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:JSSNGHXOEQI3QXHOBJJCAUADK4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e37148f35d4459d55e7e84ed8999dc09436027d9a8b6bb5590ccbf99d98abe58","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T18:41:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"91311a78d96e0e4c134b1506d9ec70ec9d343c9596a7bb4d1c97dba24c14acba"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.06402","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.06402","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.06402v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.06402","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JSSNGHXOEQI3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JSSNGHXOEQI3QXHO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JSSNGHXO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c95f032267f7340ad5ab7d7e5e3b14b6b297c5bede41fabb88d37e6aee9c3f10","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present crowdsourcing as an additional modality to aid radiologists in the diagnosis of lung cancer from clinical chest computed tomography (CT) scans. More specifically, a complete workflow is introduced which can help maximize the sensitivity of lung nodule detection by utilizing the collective intelligence of the crowd. We combine the concept of overlapping thin-slab maximum intensity projections (TS-MIPs) and cine viewing to render short videos that can be outsourced as an annotation task to the crowd. These videos are generated by linearly interpolating overlapping TS-MIPs of CT slices","authors_text":"Arie Kaufman, Ji Hwan Park, Kevin Baker, Saad Nadeem, Saeed Boorboor","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T18:41:58Z","title":"Crowdsourcing Lung Nodules Detection and Annotation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.06402","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3c0b0afb079e8591bded3eff6ba1375af93b1f4cdf44ffa168675b3e7204efa3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e37148f35d4459d55e7e84ed8999dc09436027d9a8b6bb5590ccbf99d98abe58","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T18:41:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"91311a78d96e0e4c134b1506d9ec70ec9d343c9596a7bb4d1c97dba24c14acba"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.06402","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4ca4d31eee2411b85cee0a522050035735339a355d80a457bd6191544c5af0db","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4ca4d31eee2411b85cee0a522050035735339a355d80a457bd6191544c5af0db","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27.294366Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27.294366Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"qWVqQACTqlm1H9GPFSxkPfHZBuewY7tuABBQukJx9GhpB5n6s+U2TUfdvg5WZrCQVXRfdJj8+0vc6K7HJjvJBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:27.295100Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1809.06402","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3c0b0afb079e8591bded3eff6ba1375af93b1f4cdf44ffa168675b3e7204efa3","sha256:c95f032267f7340ad5ab7d7e5e3b14b6b297c5bede41fabb88d37e6aee9c3f10"],"state_sha256":"31dfa192624175f0bb1832ed8abd43f1a79b32cbf333c3a7e538645f28220da5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Qw1GZmhup2LQ8rWTNgkciRi1szi/QvOTypIx1sOAOqFaPDiTpjaUk6CyMood8KURxfU/ahYNIvLC69uXamdtBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T02:21:06.529300Z","bundle_sha256":"80d8e8ea0ed469bf271f90d094a51d4257a37b740503956b75458717a8519b33"}}