{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:JT5M72D5RYWNTJOCE76LLCR62Y","short_pith_number":"pith:JT5M72D5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2506.00932","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-01T09:53:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a755f3705b0cffe950ff66fc9835a0b1249c1995e1880aa47d1c336d013cd94f","abstract_canon_sha256":"18474b2606c391fc0601523cd9dc49dd610e71dad45a925dbb68cdc6e03ac330"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4cfacfe87d8e2cd9a5c227fcb58a3ed62df3adbd5e3b5c09dfec79f413937c0c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2506.00932","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.00932","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.00932v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.00932","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JT5M72D5RYWN","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JT5M72D5RYWNTJOC","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JT5M72D5","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:JT5M72D5RYWNTJOCE76LLCR62Y","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2506.00932","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-01T09:53:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a755f3705b0cffe950ff66fc9835a0b1249c1995e1880aa47d1c336d013cd94f","abstract_canon_sha256":"18474b2606c391fc0601523cd9dc49dd610e71dad45a925dbb68cdc6e03ac330"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4cfacfe87d8e2cd9a5c227fcb58a3ed62df3adbd5e3b5c09dfec79f413937c0c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43.069461Z","signature_b64":"pBgDvOUD5Gx19m6H/5GAa3xv4dFjigvxTVwK5Vefo3A3/j+apC22Ym50Zu9EypRltZubaJY1bIR8nVv2S+3WCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4cfacfe87d8e2cd9a5c227fcb58a3ed62df3adbd5e3b5c09dfec79f413937c0c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43.069018Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43.069018Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2506.00932","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UwYroMZilwazhFw+sn5Z4OIdV7gXKmZZML6lz5QLI6niVbelbkoS7+lLBepfyqABjSlrGp1J119D4KK533JRDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T21:01:38.346305Z"},"content_sha256":"5dd509856d809816084987fb46fcbd9e58e53100907e51dc8c4de6ef9d3491c7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5dd509856d809816084987fb46fcbd9e58e53100907e51dc8c4de6ef9d3491c7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:JT5M72D5RYWNTJOCE76LLCR62Y","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Addressing the Collaboration Dilemma in Low-Data Federated Learning via Transient Sparsity","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Andrey Poddubnyy, Boqian Wu, Decebal Constantin Mocanu, Elena Mocanu, Mykola Pechenizkiy, Phuong H. Nguyen, Qiao Xiao","submitted_at":"2025-06-01T09:53:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across decentralized clients while preserving data privacy, leveraging aggregated updates to build robust global models. However, this training paradigm faces significant challenges due to data heterogeneity and limited local datasets, which often impede effective collaboration. In such scenarios, we identify the Layer-wise Inertia Phenomenon in FL, wherein the middle layers of global model undergo minimal updates after early communication rounds, ultimately limiting the effectiveness of global aggregation. We demonstrate the presenc"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.00932","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2506.00932/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0oU48aPpRMEBvVIj7cm6vkUgEqa2D1tqQRkwnogP6T3ggGQw6wpzjTgxDiWcu3hTf3BFu6w4gIm2KqC/XNvGDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T21:01:38.346806Z"},"content_sha256":"73068a5c308e1e634b0a3c5be647eb78feb29be530c24e4db512f4c978a74efa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:73068a5c308e1e634b0a3c5be647eb78feb29be530c24e4db512f4c978a74efa"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JT5M72D5RYWNTJOCE76LLCR62Y/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JT5M72D5RYWNTJOCE76LLCR62Y/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JT5M72D5RYWNTJOCE76LLCR62Y/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T21:01:38Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JT5M72D5RYWNTJOCE76LLCR62Y","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JT5M72D5RYWNTJOCE76LLCR62Y/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JT5M72D5RYWNTJOCE76LLCR62Y/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JT5M72D5RYWNTJOCE76LLCR62Y/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:JT5M72D5RYWNTJOCE76LLCR62Y","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"18474b2606c391fc0601523cd9dc49dd610e71dad45a925dbb68cdc6e03ac330","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-01T09:53:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"a755f3705b0cffe950ff66fc9835a0b1249c1995e1880aa47d1c336d013cd94f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.00932","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.00932","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.00932v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.00932","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JT5M72D5RYWN","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JT5M72D5RYWNTJOC","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JT5M72D5","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:73068a5c308e1e634b0a3c5be647eb78feb29be530c24e4db512f4c978a74efa","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2506.00932/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across decentralized clients while preserving data privacy, leveraging aggregated updates to build robust global models. However, this training paradigm faces significant challenges due to data heterogeneity and limited local datasets, which often impede effective collaboration. In such scenarios, we identify the Layer-wise Inertia Phenomenon in FL, wherein the middle layers of global model undergo minimal updates after early communication rounds, ultimately limiting the effectiveness of global aggregation. We demonstrate the presenc","authors_text":"Andrey Poddubnyy, Boqian Wu, Decebal Constantin Mocanu, Elena Mocanu, Mykola Pechenizkiy, Phuong H. Nguyen, Qiao Xiao","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-01T09:53:54Z","title":"Addressing the Collaboration Dilemma in Low-Data Federated Learning via Transient Sparsity"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.00932","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5dd509856d809816084987fb46fcbd9e58e53100907e51dc8c4de6ef9d3491c7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"18474b2606c391fc0601523cd9dc49dd610e71dad45a925dbb68cdc6e03ac330","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-01T09:53:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"a755f3705b0cffe950ff66fc9835a0b1249c1995e1880aa47d1c336d013cd94f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.00932","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4cfacfe87d8e2cd9a5c227fcb58a3ed62df3adbd5e3b5c09dfec79f413937c0c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4cfacfe87d8e2cd9a5c227fcb58a3ed62df3adbd5e3b5c09dfec79f413937c0c","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43.069018Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43.069018Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"pBgDvOUD5Gx19m6H/5GAa3xv4dFjigvxTVwK5Vefo3A3/j+apC22Ym50Zu9EypRltZubaJY1bIR8nVv2S+3WCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:43.069461Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2506.00932","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5dd509856d809816084987fb46fcbd9e58e53100907e51dc8c4de6ef9d3491c7","sha256:73068a5c308e1e634b0a3c5be647eb78feb29be530c24e4db512f4c978a74efa"],"state_sha256":"1f300d9458ce959e08f11458b0502a8d769fb93d6cbfe9668601297a872457f4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rC9pTtCaXr9AqCjY+yp5UNsy1PRXmaLsTcz9bcdoQDgA/DOSg8mckcrv0LmuV9rwll9ZuX4WqCx9C85rtGrdCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T21:01:38.351427Z","bundle_sha256":"6f17287775907affc0b99bf63fe6da2e23a0e5eb27c6e75c14843842bd2a94ec"}}