{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:JV2NUOQ5223X7TVO7XG46OSVGM","short_pith_number":"pith:JV2NUOQ5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1906.02732","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-06-06T17:51:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"a7bc0e532129f3968e3acb574d86e36a54c01896587772c84db375bb36652cfb","abstract_canon_sha256":"50f8b14a321d6cdff034156d1fa94e1fccb0c25a92ed6cd7a6927009a44cae62"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4d74da3a1dd6b77fceaefdcdcf3a55331b0d8d34e1d2cb1d57503a29ca33dad4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1906.02732","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.02732","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.02732v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.02732","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JV2NUOQ5223X","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JV2NUOQ5223X7TVO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JV2NUOQ5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:JV2NUOQ5223X7TVO7XG46OSVGM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1906.02732","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-06-06T17:51:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"a7bc0e532129f3968e3acb574d86e36a54c01896587772c84db375bb36652cfb","abstract_canon_sha256":"50f8b14a321d6cdff034156d1fa94e1fccb0c25a92ed6cd7a6927009a44cae62"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4d74da3a1dd6b77fceaefdcdcf3a55331b0d8d34e1d2cb1d57503a29ca33dad4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:48.984683Z","signature_b64":"kkrrCxYBZWgECZdKsF6f//8UAfaqTH60VvdA7PXOEpYDzRsiFCY8FtYU+QFo/tHVcPwBw7wU+5MvHdHHQiG/DA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4d74da3a1dd6b77fceaefdcdcf3a55331b0d8d34e1d2cb1d57503a29ca33dad4","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:48.984006Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:48.984006Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1906.02732","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mbdujnWu5hzlDHgIuXE6MO6fJu3l9arRR+JUZdCS0RsG1Pkh+FiH6cguHnsahT6DUC6bqeRusm45bcz7RU+KAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T04:52:45.167877Z"},"content_sha256":"800f80819df7ddde4916bb10cd083c8bb5590a0d3d57427eff48d64c18a9506d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:800f80819df7ddde4916bb10cd083c8bb5590a0d3d57427eff48d64c18a9506d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:JV2NUOQ5223X7TVO7XG46OSVGM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Look at the Effect of Sample Design on Generalization through the Lens of Spectral Analysis","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Bhavya Kailkhura, Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan, Peer-Timo Bremer, Qunwei Li","submitted_at":"2019-06-06T17:51:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper provides a general framework to study the effect of sampling properties of training data on the generalization error of the learned machine learning (ML) models. Specifically, we propose a new spectral analysis of the generalization error, expressed in terms of the power spectra of the sampling pattern and the function involved. The framework is build in the Euclidean space using Fourier analysis and establishes a connection between some high dimensional geometric objects and optimal spectral form of different state-of-the-art sampling patterns. Subsequently, we estimate the expecte"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.02732","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xwJVTulVnZzQQBV1KN4CBw3R2Gdo5qi9MM8IMFX0bd7VPtFEazaOFx9HR8yE1JCzcLQtxPi+lOpKJ8VnZltSAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T04:52:45.168570Z"},"content_sha256":"021767af321c63ab729814369714052da104c077dca999433e11d028629ab3bc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:021767af321c63ab729814369714052da104c077dca999433e11d028629ab3bc"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JV2NUOQ5223X7TVO7XG46OSVGM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JV2NUOQ5223X7TVO7XG46OSVGM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JV2NUOQ5223X7TVO7XG46OSVGM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T04:52:45Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JV2NUOQ5223X7TVO7XG46OSVGM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JV2NUOQ5223X7TVO7XG46OSVGM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JV2NUOQ5223X7TVO7XG46OSVGM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JV2NUOQ5223X7TVO7XG46OSVGM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:JV2NUOQ5223X7TVO7XG46OSVGM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"50f8b14a321d6cdff034156d1fa94e1fccb0c25a92ed6cd7a6927009a44cae62","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-06-06T17:51:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"a7bc0e532129f3968e3acb574d86e36a54c01896587772c84db375bb36652cfb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.02732","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.02732","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.02732v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.02732","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JV2NUOQ5223X","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JV2NUOQ5223X7TVO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JV2NUOQ5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:021767af321c63ab729814369714052da104c077dca999433e11d028629ab3bc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper provides a general framework to study the effect of sampling properties of training data on the generalization error of the learned machine learning (ML) models. Specifically, we propose a new spectral analysis of the generalization error, expressed in terms of the power spectra of the sampling pattern and the function involved. The framework is build in the Euclidean space using Fourier analysis and establishes a connection between some high dimensional geometric objects and optimal spectral form of different state-of-the-art sampling patterns. Subsequently, we estimate the expecte","authors_text":"Bhavya Kailkhura, Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan, Peer-Timo Bremer, Qunwei Li","cross_cats":["stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-06-06T17:51:51Z","title":"A Look at the Effect of Sample Design on Generalization through the Lens of Spectral Analysis"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.02732","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:800f80819df7ddde4916bb10cd083c8bb5590a0d3d57427eff48d64c18a9506d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"50f8b14a321d6cdff034156d1fa94e1fccb0c25a92ed6cd7a6927009a44cae62","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-06-06T17:51:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"a7bc0e532129f3968e3acb574d86e36a54c01896587772c84db375bb36652cfb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.02732","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"4d74da3a1dd6b77fceaefdcdcf3a55331b0d8d34e1d2cb1d57503a29ca33dad4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4d74da3a1dd6b77fceaefdcdcf3a55331b0d8d34e1d2cb1d57503a29ca33dad4","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:48.984006Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:48.984006Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"kkrrCxYBZWgECZdKsF6f//8UAfaqTH60VvdA7PXOEpYDzRsiFCY8FtYU+QFo/tHVcPwBw7wU+5MvHdHHQiG/DA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:48.984683Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1906.02732","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:800f80819df7ddde4916bb10cd083c8bb5590a0d3d57427eff48d64c18a9506d","sha256:021767af321c63ab729814369714052da104c077dca999433e11d028629ab3bc"],"state_sha256":"4a0d9ba80088c96a588f9cee83aed2a591fe161e2f60185571b3b797ed35650b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yJ4a4h5CwDhJLBdbJkpMbJkmFpF8nUHWkA5JMJWiUjAbgz6Dkzb7sa5CTm62geiUBMqClFkYHKZpJlmPACdGBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T04:52:45.172169Z","bundle_sha256":"31feae59c723da2ce16de8da0742908ce66bc95c04e4981a21bfd4a94d81bb90"}}