{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:JWW2ARCJNHTIU34S4G4Z6LUNW6","short_pith_number":"pith:JWW2ARCJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2104.07186","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2021-04-15T00:53:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"a6958cb0199aa86aef608a9d0f230d09358031c6beba9df75b1b94d9ce1a3f23","abstract_canon_sha256":"a84d1ecebcc516adc35dbe44030afc92b0b078d8531d6cc0fed44a37c121baaa"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4dada0444969e68a6f92e1b99f2e8db7baa8cf7e4b5637442429fc3edbc35a29","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2104.07186","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2104.07186","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2104.07186v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2104.07186","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JWW2ARCJNHTI","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JWW2ARCJNHTIU34S","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JWW2ARCJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:JWW2ARCJNHTIU34S4G4Z6LUNW6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2104.07186","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2021-04-15T00:53:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"a6958cb0199aa86aef608a9d0f230d09358031c6beba9df75b1b94d9ce1a3f23","abstract_canon_sha256":"a84d1ecebcc516adc35dbe44030afc92b0b078d8531d6cc0fed44a37c121baaa"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4dada0444969e68a6f92e1b99f2e8db7baa8cf7e4b5637442429fc3edbc35a29","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18.818368Z","signature_b64":"G1ryf0PSXLsh2snOe4Bn7XBqB7xmdHE4IR84aFQpq3VhaEqLBbegOqjmexOXz5NHS6zaCPi9wOV/qQ+qhIqtBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4dada0444969e68a6f92e1b99f2e8db7baa8cf7e4b5637442429fc3edbc35a29","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18.817973Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18.817973Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2104.07186","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IEFa4eHchDn+KxBIRIIy85GqNOwv8vs95t75xZKJNLL2UcisKUIMQfrKebWV8VeTrJD6ZY3h7yRCwSplXhg1CQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T05:06:36.811520Z"},"content_sha256":"4e2521037a56a4d512ac989a164b9d62c6c21ee0a2d4ce20323c0bc3afe65ec7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4e2521037a56a4d512ac989a164b9d62c6c21ee0a2d4ce20323c0bc3afe65ec7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:JWW2ARCJNHTIU34S4G4Z6LUNW6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"COIL: Revisit Exact Lexical Match in Information Retrieval with Contextualized Inverted List","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CL"],"primary_cat":"cs.IR","authors_text":"Jamie Callan, Luyu Gao, Zhuyun Dai","submitted_at":"2021-04-15T00:53:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"Classical information retrieval systems such as BM25 rely on exact lexical match and carry out search efficiently with inverted list index. Recent neural IR models shifts towards soft semantic matching all query document terms, but they lose the computation efficiency of exact match systems. This paper presents COIL, a contextualized exact match retrieval architecture that brings semantic lexical matching. COIL scoring is based on overlapping query document tokens' contextualized representations. The new architecture stores contextualized token representations in inverted lists, bringing toget"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2104.07186","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2104.07186/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"z2Ts2x9KbbT8sZ6CpJ6Viqizwa8Eiw8DXe46R0uqjGH/6OR8GLkOw6/NcuUl5I4keGHNQf0z6r8mgxQmmTL3Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T05:06:36.812228Z"},"content_sha256":"0986ac90b2c9c1e4169343e05b14ab8a5cc4ab7c9537b15e1a0f9d4960b93e65","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0986ac90b2c9c1e4169343e05b14ab8a5cc4ab7c9537b15e1a0f9d4960b93e65"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JWW2ARCJNHTIU34S4G4Z6LUNW6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JWW2ARCJNHTIU34S4G4Z6LUNW6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JWW2ARCJNHTIU34S4G4Z6LUNW6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T05:06:36Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JWW2ARCJNHTIU34S4G4Z6LUNW6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JWW2ARCJNHTIU34S4G4Z6LUNW6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JWW2ARCJNHTIU34S4G4Z6LUNW6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JWW2ARCJNHTIU34S4G4Z6LUNW6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:JWW2ARCJNHTIU34S4G4Z6LUNW6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a84d1ecebcc516adc35dbe44030afc92b0b078d8531d6cc0fed44a37c121baaa","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2021-04-15T00:53:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"a6958cb0199aa86aef608a9d0f230d09358031c6beba9df75b1b94d9ce1a3f23"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2104.07186","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2104.07186","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2104.07186v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2104.07186","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JWW2ARCJNHTI","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JWW2ARCJNHTIU34S","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JWW2ARCJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0986ac90b2c9c1e4169343e05b14ab8a5cc4ab7c9537b15e1a0f9d4960b93e65","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2104.07186/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Classical information retrieval systems such as BM25 rely on exact lexical match and carry out search efficiently with inverted list index. Recent neural IR models shifts towards soft semantic matching all query document terms, but they lose the computation efficiency of exact match systems. This paper presents COIL, a contextualized exact match retrieval architecture that brings semantic lexical matching. COIL scoring is based on overlapping query document tokens' contextualized representations. The new architecture stores contextualized token representations in inverted lists, bringing toget","authors_text":"Jamie Callan, Luyu Gao, Zhuyun Dai","cross_cats":["cs.CL"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2021-04-15T00:53:54Z","title":"COIL: Revisit Exact Lexical Match in Information Retrieval with Contextualized Inverted List"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2104.07186","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4e2521037a56a4d512ac989a164b9d62c6c21ee0a2d4ce20323c0bc3afe65ec7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a84d1ecebcc516adc35dbe44030afc92b0b078d8531d6cc0fed44a37c121baaa","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2021-04-15T00:53:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"a6958cb0199aa86aef608a9d0f230d09358031c6beba9df75b1b94d9ce1a3f23"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2104.07186","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4dada0444969e68a6f92e1b99f2e8db7baa8cf7e4b5637442429fc3edbc35a29","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4dada0444969e68a6f92e1b99f2e8db7baa8cf7e4b5637442429fc3edbc35a29","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18.817973Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18.817973Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"G1ryf0PSXLsh2snOe4Bn7XBqB7xmdHE4IR84aFQpq3VhaEqLBbegOqjmexOXz5NHS6zaCPi9wOV/qQ+qhIqtBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:18.818368Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2104.07186","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4e2521037a56a4d512ac989a164b9d62c6c21ee0a2d4ce20323c0bc3afe65ec7","sha256:0986ac90b2c9c1e4169343e05b14ab8a5cc4ab7c9537b15e1a0f9d4960b93e65"],"state_sha256":"2be2702ab3afef27e201cc986ce2b671fba8d8923a350495bf6b0913ba724275"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bvBSuJFjqJuMWRr/vdFE02oRJSZ+Y4OS/vGlZd3Wq3s56aAhJKcu9mbrt0Iq4unkcAAtVrjy1GaE8e3h96AuCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T05:06:36.815969Z","bundle_sha256":"721dd231868504d5feeea6f0e6f6b8bd147d7c44a182504328948a151d35c4b6"}}