{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:JXDIY3BVTAGQ5MWR7APH3NOBQ6","short_pith_number":"pith:JXDIY3BV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.05788","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2018-12-14T05:23:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"808d70892522eb9f5f4ba04b82b71626f324ef353d1f0dead9e9854da6f3ad17","abstract_canon_sha256":"d4789041f9709648fe9d07407dd514151fa5c2d6a6cbcefecb459709dc393efc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4dc68c6c35980d0eb2d1f81e7db5c187a46141c60235dbca7f4a358c50b7099b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1812.05788","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.05788","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.05788v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.05788","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JXDIY3BVTAGQ","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JXDIY3BVTAGQ5MWR","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JXDIY3BV","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:JXDIY3BVTAGQ5MWR7APH3NOBQ6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.05788","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2018-12-14T05:23:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"808d70892522eb9f5f4ba04b82b71626f324ef353d1f0dead9e9854da6f3ad17","abstract_canon_sha256":"d4789041f9709648fe9d07407dd514151fa5c2d6a6cbcefecb459709dc393efc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4dc68c6c35980d0eb2d1f81e7db5c187a46141c60235dbca7f4a358c50b7099b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29.756526Z","signature_b64":"rCUYErrpMBQsva0KB4qhm4fpvY/klNrg3hHpQ27mQuEmpIIM2CyEp9naUuhldHZEUQayYvXRthAwi6q/G+IvCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4dc68c6c35980d0eb2d1f81e7db5c187a46141c60235dbca7f4a358c50b7099b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29.756080Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29.756080Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1812.05788","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1jcY6Tne7Z9Dr4TD0p5HsyH6KV3+qtB3WgIqAFo1BVewT6x2yebuQDx7sfGj+pyCn9THoc3zozad0/FRnbbXDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T02:20:07.800615Z"},"content_sha256":"ff51173c380844c91d42bfec3b8db24ff3238b379cde59c966694a5a37172516","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ff51173c380844c91d42bfec3b8db24ff3238b379cde59c966694a5a37172516"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:JXDIY3BVTAGQ5MWR7APH3NOBQ6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"AU R-CNN: Encoding Expert Prior Knowledge into R-CNN for Action Unit Detection","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Chen Ma, Junhai Yong, Li Chen","submitted_at":"2018-12-14T05:23:49Z","abstract_excerpt":"Detecting action units (AUs) on human faces is challenging because various AUs make subtle facial appearance change over various regions at different scales. Current works have attempted to recognize AUs by emphasizing important regions. However, the incorporation of expert prior knowledge into region definition remains under-exploited, and current AU detection approaches do not use regional convolutional neural networks (R-CNN) with expert prior knowledge to directly focus on AU-related regions adaptively. By incorporating expert prior knowledge, we propose a novel R-CNN based model named AU "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.05788","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1812.05788/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WNUEhKRqTFUCgflilYwmBoAmjWnD+gLItR+lC6XBxnW9Fc/man3SOMhkG05njvspEz8FfDhnBK0BlKANtPP/BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T02:20:07.801175Z"},"content_sha256":"23a3cb582c1ec8d1140f3bc106b1ebd73b10bb1428cd0903f2ac969cbee3d200","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:23a3cb582c1ec8d1140f3bc106b1ebd73b10bb1428cd0903f2ac969cbee3d200"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JXDIY3BVTAGQ5MWR7APH3NOBQ6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JXDIY3BVTAGQ5MWR7APH3NOBQ6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JXDIY3BVTAGQ5MWR7APH3NOBQ6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T02:20:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JXDIY3BVTAGQ5MWR7APH3NOBQ6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JXDIY3BVTAGQ5MWR7APH3NOBQ6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JXDIY3BVTAGQ5MWR7APH3NOBQ6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JXDIY3BVTAGQ5MWR7APH3NOBQ6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:JXDIY3BVTAGQ5MWR7APH3NOBQ6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d4789041f9709648fe9d07407dd514151fa5c2d6a6cbcefecb459709dc393efc","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2018-12-14T05:23:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"808d70892522eb9f5f4ba04b82b71626f324ef353d1f0dead9e9854da6f3ad17"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.05788","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.05788","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.05788v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.05788","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JXDIY3BVTAGQ","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JXDIY3BVTAGQ5MWR","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JXDIY3BV","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:23a3cb582c1ec8d1140f3bc106b1ebd73b10bb1428cd0903f2ac969cbee3d200","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1812.05788/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Detecting action units (AUs) on human faces is challenging because various AUs make subtle facial appearance change over various regions at different scales. Current works have attempted to recognize AUs by emphasizing important regions. However, the incorporation of expert prior knowledge into region definition remains under-exploited, and current AU detection approaches do not use regional convolutional neural networks (R-CNN) with expert prior knowledge to directly focus on AU-related regions adaptively. By incorporating expert prior knowledge, we propose a novel R-CNN based model named AU ","authors_text":"Chen Ma, Junhai Yong, Li Chen","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2018-12-14T05:23:49Z","title":"AU R-CNN: Encoding Expert Prior Knowledge into R-CNN for Action Unit Detection"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.05788","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ff51173c380844c91d42bfec3b8db24ff3238b379cde59c966694a5a37172516","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d4789041f9709648fe9d07407dd514151fa5c2d6a6cbcefecb459709dc393efc","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2018-12-14T05:23:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"808d70892522eb9f5f4ba04b82b71626f324ef353d1f0dead9e9854da6f3ad17"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.05788","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"4dc68c6c35980d0eb2d1f81e7db5c187a46141c60235dbca7f4a358c50b7099b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4dc68c6c35980d0eb2d1f81e7db5c187a46141c60235dbca7f4a358c50b7099b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29.756080Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29.756080Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rCUYErrpMBQsva0KB4qhm4fpvY/klNrg3hHpQ27mQuEmpIIM2CyEp9naUuhldHZEUQayYvXRthAwi6q/G+IvCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:29.756526Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1812.05788","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ff51173c380844c91d42bfec3b8db24ff3238b379cde59c966694a5a37172516","sha256:23a3cb582c1ec8d1140f3bc106b1ebd73b10bb1428cd0903f2ac969cbee3d200"],"state_sha256":"acfafbf5d2980efea2ec17647bac05a2c2a6ba6fc30e8a7e548bbccd03d54cf9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"s1oCwKibZrhovdne69QJGAmN34KOmUw9zZFuLvMqiOLutLgtSt8/LQgo1Z/BVQhSyOtse9MEyYOHSVUarC0bCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T02:20:07.804316Z","bundle_sha256":"f9544f487080e2e7493e295b962714958039108574adb5cebc340f6f524bc1b9"}}