{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2022:JY3WNID5G62ESLECYLMTVYW2QP","short_pith_number":"pith:JY3WNID5","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"4e3766a07d37b4492c82c2d93ae2da83efc3eebb3e0803c73d8cc026253ddb66","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2204.10868","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"The problem with Proca: ghost instabilities in self-interacting vector fields","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Emanuele Berti, Helvi Witek, Katy Clough, Thomas Helfer","submitted_at":"2022-04-22T18:00:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"Massive vector fields feature in several areas of particle physics, e.g., as carriers of weak interactions, dark matter candidates, or as an effective description of photons in a plasma. Here we investigate vector fields with self-interactions by replacing the mass term in the Proca equation with a general potential. We show that this seemingly benign modification inevitably introduces ghost instabilities of the same kind as those recently identified for vector-tensor theories of modified gravity (but in this simpler, minimally coupled theory). It has been suggested that nonperturbative dynami"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2204.10868","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2022-04-22T18:00:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"2023b9dc3d9ab2d248637b70efc54dbbf2e6ed2157d17e233fc2330f5b794ffc","abstract_canon_sha256":"9a7d14ad35ab402f8d7009769f7080594be44c1c82d5edabe110d8f9c28495b5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:11.106039Z","signature_b64":"XxwPnO/U3NWa9oVzzOLawMzkhNQascvVMChmQy8PWvqwZSg9aS0BALJ8Usk6v0Kq8vI0bWPOVuGU76V956CgBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4e3766a07d37b4492c82c2d93ae2da83efc3eebb3e0803c73d8cc026253ddb66","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:11.105532Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:11.105532Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The problem with Proca: ghost instabilities in self-interacting vector fields","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Emanuele Berti, Helvi Witek, Katy Clough, Thomas Helfer","submitted_at":"2022-04-22T18:00:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"Massive vector fields feature in several areas of particle physics, e.g., as carriers of weak interactions, dark matter candidates, or as an effective description of photons in a plasma. Here we investigate vector fields with self-interactions by replacing the mass term in the Proca equation with a general potential. We show that this seemingly benign modification inevitably introduces ghost instabilities of the same kind as those recently identified for vector-tensor theories of modified gravity (but in this simpler, minimally coupled theory). It has been suggested that nonperturbative dynami"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2204.10868","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2204.10868/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2204.10868","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:11.105595+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2204.10868v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:11.105595+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2204.10868","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:11.105595+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JY3WNID5G62E","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:11.105595+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JY3WNID5G62ESLEC","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:11.105595+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JY3WNID5","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:11.105595+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":3,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.23731","citing_title":"Potentially healthy time evolution in interacting $p$-form fields","ref_index":3,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2505.00563","citing_title":"Dark matter and modified gravity: Einstein clusters from a non-minimally coupled vector field","ref_index":82,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.13920","citing_title":"No-go theorem for spontaneous vectorization","ref_index":42,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/JY3WNID5G62ESLECYLMTVYW2QP","json":"https://pith.science/pith/JY3WNID5G62ESLECYLMTVYW2QP.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/JY3WNID5G62ESLECYLMTVYW2QP/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/JY3WNID5G62ESLECYLMTVYW2QP/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/JY3WNID5"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/JY3WNID5G62ESLECYLMTVYW2QP","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/JY3WNID5G62ESLECYLMTVYW2QP.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/JY3WNID5","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2204.10868&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/JY3WNID5G62ESLECYLMTVYW2QP/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/JY3WNID5G62ESLECYLMTVYW2QP/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/JY3WNID5G62ESLECYLMTVYW2QP/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/JY3WNID5G62ESLECYLMTVYW2QP/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/JY3WNID5G62ESLECYLMTVYW2QP/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/JY3WNID5G62ESLECYLMTVYW2QP/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/JY3WNID5G62ESLECYLMTVYW2QP/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:11.105595+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:11.105595+00:00"}