{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:JZ7VNZNRVPEIVVKFFTCQWA6YDL","short_pith_number":"pith:JZ7VNZNR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1905.06721","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.GN","submitted_at":"2019-05-06T11:20:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2093eae919d212be1735279c3f761615873a325b4bc06da6073d8fb40605f3d7","abstract_canon_sha256":"e13d5e4ec831d9d857980fbab696c50af5aacfe886daa81d5e165784ec8ac7f1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4e7f56e5b1abc88ad5452cc50b03d81afc39a00b2ed5092382c364ce9cb7e2ec","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1905.06721","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1905.06721","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1905.06721v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1905.06721","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JZ7VNZNRVPEI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JZ7VNZNRVPEIVVKF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JZ7VNZNR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:JZ7VNZNRVPEIVVKFFTCQWA6YDL","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1905.06721","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.GN","submitted_at":"2019-05-06T11:20:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2093eae919d212be1735279c3f761615873a325b4bc06da6073d8fb40605f3d7","abstract_canon_sha256":"e13d5e4ec831d9d857980fbab696c50af5aacfe886daa81d5e165784ec8ac7f1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4e7f56e5b1abc88ad5452cc50b03d81afc39a00b2ed5092382c364ce9cb7e2ec","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:08.843667Z","signature_b64":"tdH/VN5u+tByeYnnU5XooMEhvReSOtz3kkA/DB353/ozUu2J3fr9Kii891Wur9MYKwSqR2Hnn7V/KLqE5YUxBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4e7f56e5b1abc88ad5452cc50b03d81afc39a00b2ed5092382c364ce9cb7e2ec","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:08.843208Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:08.843208Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1905.06721","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Wfc5jbwfu9ArQGUd7WXO86+9+hrtXdLuCv+w16ej3ERvMZqUMXroQNCbUvfe8JgyjQLutVfj2DCoiMasJrAwDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T22:17:44.840890Z"},"content_sha256":"834bb74fc23491cd113ffc79b7a83c2588eb4c55c623d7b2ef783060bbb6ea70","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:834bb74fc23491cd113ffc79b7a83c2588eb4c55c623d7b2ef783060bbb6ea70"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:JZ7VNZNRVPEIVVKFFTCQWA6YDL","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Unconventional Exchange: Methods for Statistical Analysis of Virtual Goods","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"q-fin.GN","authors_text":"James Alfred Walker, Kenneth A. Hawick, Oliver James Scholten, Peter Cowling","submitted_at":"2019-05-06T11:20:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"Hyperinflation and price volatility in virtual economies has the potential to reduce player satisfaction and decrease developer revenue. This paper describes intuitive analytical methods for monitoring volatility and inflation in virtual economies, with worked examples on the increasingly popular multiplayer game Old School Runescape. Analytical methods drawn from mainstream financial literature are outlined and applied in order to present a high level overview of virtual economic activity of 3467 price series over 180 trading days. Six-monthly volume data for the top 100 most traded items is "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1905.06721","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7B+lHzsksdX1XhJpttSMl84ekopyezN1oFtQniIl/SM/R6EYY4eDvTiQ4d24ZXlWRrII42ouFcj7ejpf3VKWAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T22:17:44.841583Z"},"content_sha256":"e11f19c9700a4e3a3c27a46d315979044add6bea462923be2406bae88415f2d7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e11f19c9700a4e3a3c27a46d315979044add6bea462923be2406bae88415f2d7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JZ7VNZNRVPEIVVKFFTCQWA6YDL/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JZ7VNZNRVPEIVVKFFTCQWA6YDL/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JZ7VNZNRVPEIVVKFFTCQWA6YDL/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T22:17:44Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JZ7VNZNRVPEIVVKFFTCQWA6YDL","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JZ7VNZNRVPEIVVKFFTCQWA6YDL/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JZ7VNZNRVPEIVVKFFTCQWA6YDL/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JZ7VNZNRVPEIVVKFFTCQWA6YDL/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:JZ7VNZNRVPEIVVKFFTCQWA6YDL","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e13d5e4ec831d9d857980fbab696c50af5aacfe886daa81d5e165784ec8ac7f1","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.GN","submitted_at":"2019-05-06T11:20:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"2093eae919d212be1735279c3f761615873a325b4bc06da6073d8fb40605f3d7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1905.06721","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1905.06721","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1905.06721v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1905.06721","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JZ7VNZNRVPEI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JZ7VNZNRVPEIVVKF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JZ7VNZNR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e11f19c9700a4e3a3c27a46d315979044add6bea462923be2406bae88415f2d7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Hyperinflation and price volatility in virtual economies has the potential to reduce player satisfaction and decrease developer revenue. This paper describes intuitive analytical methods for monitoring volatility and inflation in virtual economies, with worked examples on the increasingly popular multiplayer game Old School Runescape. Analytical methods drawn from mainstream financial literature are outlined and applied in order to present a high level overview of virtual economic activity of 3467 price series over 180 trading days. Six-monthly volume data for the top 100 most traded items is ","authors_text":"James Alfred Walker, Kenneth A. Hawick, Oliver James Scholten, Peter Cowling","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.GN","submitted_at":"2019-05-06T11:20:39Z","title":"Unconventional Exchange: Methods for Statistical Analysis of Virtual Goods"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1905.06721","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:834bb74fc23491cd113ffc79b7a83c2588eb4c55c623d7b2ef783060bbb6ea70","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e13d5e4ec831d9d857980fbab696c50af5aacfe886daa81d5e165784ec8ac7f1","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.GN","submitted_at":"2019-05-06T11:20:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"2093eae919d212be1735279c3f761615873a325b4bc06da6073d8fb40605f3d7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1905.06721","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"4e7f56e5b1abc88ad5452cc50b03d81afc39a00b2ed5092382c364ce9cb7e2ec","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4e7f56e5b1abc88ad5452cc50b03d81afc39a00b2ed5092382c364ce9cb7e2ec","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:08.843208Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:08.843208Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"tdH/VN5u+tByeYnnU5XooMEhvReSOtz3kkA/DB353/ozUu2J3fr9Kii891Wur9MYKwSqR2Hnn7V/KLqE5YUxBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:08.843667Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1905.06721","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:834bb74fc23491cd113ffc79b7a83c2588eb4c55c623d7b2ef783060bbb6ea70","sha256:e11f19c9700a4e3a3c27a46d315979044add6bea462923be2406bae88415f2d7"],"state_sha256":"1732fc0939218e448482c2162d3199135e87d17789b9ffd345937206db6f61a5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8Pio0qDyHPMJCPNfUqStKOmEB7l6EGPxVj/2CMtRKgawkFps86AMld+kXZIbV051VjFzizBL5VyJeE6/1KCIAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T22:17:44.844962Z","bundle_sha256":"e12979146e310df8836284afc48165ac282655315ad5296d5f8477b6ef609853"}}