{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:K2V5Q7DWKLCDXVOBUC3BKZCHCO","short_pith_number":"pith:K2V5Q7DW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1307.3304","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2013-07-12T02:38:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"f9bc951f3c95b0623a573ca09564145155d4cf748386c2fe18a0a9870252cc45","abstract_canon_sha256":"e3ca0f65f2f599d0e4c92ac5037dd18993b8c83d6588f921d57ba91c6a29c84b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"56abd87c7652c43bd5c1a0b615644713ba36fd84ef81056eb2ed4533b98ff682","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1307.3304","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1307.3304","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1307.3304v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1307.3304","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"K2V5Q7DWKLCD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"K2V5Q7DWKLCDXVOB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"K2V5Q7DW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:K2V5Q7DWKLCDXVOBUC3BKZCHCO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1307.3304","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2013-07-12T02:38:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"f9bc951f3c95b0623a573ca09564145155d4cf748386c2fe18a0a9870252cc45","abstract_canon_sha256":"e3ca0f65f2f599d0e4c92ac5037dd18993b8c83d6588f921d57ba91c6a29c84b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"56abd87c7652c43bd5c1a0b615644713ba36fd84ef81056eb2ed4533b98ff682","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:39.530361Z","signature_b64":"2SoDRid51+Uv9eeCNYoz1zM2PRdTOhUyqhmWgMEv2hADyYCcHTk3WHeQ7S4Z3tE40huD+bEvMxJ/tAdKJ48iBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"56abd87c7652c43bd5c1a0b615644713ba36fd84ef81056eb2ed4533b98ff682","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:39.529795Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:39.529795Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1307.3304","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"obQSVVSCfbCJk/fBSvVn97NsDza0R37/AF3U0k0XiQ00CLGLkye1ADqP/duz6ycE3nYuLiivRfvs0BPE/E+2DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T23:14:10.393409Z"},"content_sha256":"fbd2ed3ae9aaaab4809600eee04202eff981501ced87c55a19df783ac151eb1e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fbd2ed3ae9aaaab4809600eee04202eff981501ced87c55a19df783ac151eb1e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:K2V5Q7DWKLCDXVOBUC3BKZCHCO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Opinion Particles: Classical Physics and Opinion Dynamics","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.soc-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","authors_text":"Andr\\'e C. R. Martins","submitted_at":"2013-07-12T02:38:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"A model for Opinion Particles, based on Bayesian-inspired models of Opinion Dynamics such as the CODA model is presented. By extending the discrete time characteristic of those models to continuous time, a theory for the movement of opinion particles is obtained, based only on inference ideas. This will allow inertia to be obtained as a consequence of an extended CODA model. For the general case, we will see that the likelihoods are associated with variables such as velocity and acceleration of the particles. Newtonian forces are easily defined and the relationship between a force and the equi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1307.3304","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oOQ6fhP4FIdh+t70rwGjHBDRFX/r+yJldHmY26hyStO9Oy539vM0deMdDRPfLAP/zeA3SKDLtACiKhw68fQUAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T23:14:10.393759Z"},"content_sha256":"710c8024e8826e5e0cd4e39ea1ae5768919240965411d0bd79abbb18381e5093","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:710c8024e8826e5e0cd4e39ea1ae5768919240965411d0bd79abbb18381e5093"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/K2V5Q7DWKLCDXVOBUC3BKZCHCO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/K2V5Q7DWKLCDXVOBUC3BKZCHCO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/K2V5Q7DWKLCDXVOBUC3BKZCHCO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T23:14:10Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/K2V5Q7DWKLCDXVOBUC3BKZCHCO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/K2V5Q7DWKLCDXVOBUC3BKZCHCO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/K2V5Q7DWKLCDXVOBUC3BKZCHCO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/K2V5Q7DWKLCDXVOBUC3BKZCHCO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:K2V5Q7DWKLCDXVOBUC3BKZCHCO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e3ca0f65f2f599d0e4c92ac5037dd18993b8c83d6588f921d57ba91c6a29c84b","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2013-07-12T02:38:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"f9bc951f3c95b0623a573ca09564145155d4cf748386c2fe18a0a9870252cc45"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1307.3304","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1307.3304","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1307.3304v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1307.3304","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"K2V5Q7DWKLCD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"K2V5Q7DWKLCDXVOB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"K2V5Q7DW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:710c8024e8826e5e0cd4e39ea1ae5768919240965411d0bd79abbb18381e5093","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A model for Opinion Particles, based on Bayesian-inspired models of Opinion Dynamics such as the CODA model is presented. By extending the discrete time characteristic of those models to continuous time, a theory for the movement of opinion particles is obtained, based only on inference ideas. This will allow inertia to be obtained as a consequence of an extended CODA model. For the general case, we will see that the likelihoods are associated with variables such as velocity and acceleration of the particles. Newtonian forces are easily defined and the relationship between a force and the equi","authors_text":"Andr\\'e C. R. Martins","cross_cats":["physics.soc-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2013-07-12T02:38:24Z","title":"Opinion Particles: Classical Physics and Opinion Dynamics"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1307.3304","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fbd2ed3ae9aaaab4809600eee04202eff981501ced87c55a19df783ac151eb1e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e3ca0f65f2f599d0e4c92ac5037dd18993b8c83d6588f921d57ba91c6a29c84b","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2013-07-12T02:38:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"f9bc951f3c95b0623a573ca09564145155d4cf748386c2fe18a0a9870252cc45"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1307.3304","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"56abd87c7652c43bd5c1a0b615644713ba36fd84ef81056eb2ed4533b98ff682","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"56abd87c7652c43bd5c1a0b615644713ba36fd84ef81056eb2ed4533b98ff682","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:39.529795Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:39.529795Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"2SoDRid51+Uv9eeCNYoz1zM2PRdTOhUyqhmWgMEv2hADyYCcHTk3WHeQ7S4Z3tE40huD+bEvMxJ/tAdKJ48iBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:39.530361Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1307.3304","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fbd2ed3ae9aaaab4809600eee04202eff981501ced87c55a19df783ac151eb1e","sha256:710c8024e8826e5e0cd4e39ea1ae5768919240965411d0bd79abbb18381e5093"],"state_sha256":"f86f9f25aa63f8f274f8df2013bc8a197e90024509b4a379bf1c9e3e3267c072"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"N+zrgfpCdKcH1FCM2p9RVFOfPVjlvhZueub1lhq6Tuc97oMhuz8CNDGAIyslRDlMW/dM/CvD5i3gsGGM/h6eAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T23:14:10.395657Z","bundle_sha256":"7dfb958353fe6cdd33ee3c196eba951ca49023f1b9fe1e8472a207084e250bd8"}}