{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:K3UJL7PG6OBLMKMUU7LXI63MPS","short_pith_number":"pith:K3UJL7PG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1804.02474","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-04-06T22:15:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d8466a32fc5e183825ed360139c4f18945bf969885d905a7ab8d1f3df361f4e1","abstract_canon_sha256":"52b920d37ec9b659c44ef8227f41d6c351838104b99ac08ee803c9bf4fd4bc4c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"56e895fde6f382b62994a7d7747b6c7c9807e7575a9038b4790c1e55a5b25c98","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1804.02474","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1804.02474","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1804.02474v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1804.02474","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"K3UJL7PG6OBL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"K3UJL7PG6OBLMKMU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"K3UJL7PG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:K3UJL7PG6OBLMKMUU7LXI63MPS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1804.02474","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-04-06T22:15:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d8466a32fc5e183825ed360139c4f18945bf969885d905a7ab8d1f3df361f4e1","abstract_canon_sha256":"52b920d37ec9b659c44ef8227f41d6c351838104b99ac08ee803c9bf4fd4bc4c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"56e895fde6f382b62994a7d7747b6c7c9807e7575a9038b4790c1e55a5b25c98","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:59.368427Z","signature_b64":"pYfM5Tc5OvE0Exkh8xuF0+TT8lPaA3pArmqIlmAuEHMki8KTveAGrgpm1xLFeHXcl13/VV91T/iXmAFXRJljAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"56e895fde6f382b62994a7d7747b6c7c9807e7575a9038b4790c1e55a5b25c98","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:59.367948Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:59.367948Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1804.02474","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7Ec7EwCqKhPGdpmnUe9Qawx+CAP7q02m0uJOV2WyKxi7QWELVuihup8c0X3IupY5W78+ZzutMqQzPn+Job4LDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-30T19:41:24.027125Z"},"content_sha256":"4fcfadb2e483d2661f55a756b48f74c6d2c88557e3571165f3640a1995830f42","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4fcfadb2e483d2661f55a756b48f74c6d2c88557e3571165f3640a1995830f42"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:K3UJL7PG6OBLMKMUU7LXI63MPS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Bayesian approach to truncated data sets: An application to Malmquist bias in Supernova Cosmology","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"C D'Andrea, D Brout, M C March, m Sako, R C Wolf","submitted_at":"2018-04-06T22:15:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large scale astronomical surveys are going wider and deeper than ever before. However, astronomers, cosmologists and theorists continue to face the perennial issue that their data sets are often incomplete in magnitude space and must be carefully treated in order to avoid Malmquist bias, especially in the field of supernova cosmology. Historically, cosmological parameter inference in supernova cosmology was done using $\\chi^2$ methodology; however, recent years have seen a rise in the use of Bayesian Hierarchical Models. In this paper we develop a Bayesian Hierarchical methodology to account f"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1804.02474","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xvLGr7M83bZsEt6h/Iaa/HmJGnE9bBKACDl67s6LiLJAor5Y8p04YvAs1U1ZZzEwRZtHy/1Hmz1ixCguRTFQBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-30T19:41:24.027489Z"},"content_sha256":"a9a2392ffc217de11dd7d746b59c2846bd25bfa508d9a80ef1f92a8f515aab54","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a9a2392ffc217de11dd7d746b59c2846bd25bfa508d9a80ef1f92a8f515aab54"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/K3UJL7PG6OBLMKMUU7LXI63MPS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/K3UJL7PG6OBLMKMUU7LXI63MPS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/K3UJL7PG6OBLMKMUU7LXI63MPS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-30T19:41:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/K3UJL7PG6OBLMKMUU7LXI63MPS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/K3UJL7PG6OBLMKMUU7LXI63MPS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/K3UJL7PG6OBLMKMUU7LXI63MPS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/K3UJL7PG6OBLMKMUU7LXI63MPS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:K3UJL7PG6OBLMKMUU7LXI63MPS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"52b920d37ec9b659c44ef8227f41d6c351838104b99ac08ee803c9bf4fd4bc4c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-04-06T22:15:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"d8466a32fc5e183825ed360139c4f18945bf969885d905a7ab8d1f3df361f4e1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1804.02474","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1804.02474","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1804.02474v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1804.02474","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"K3UJL7PG6OBL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"K3UJL7PG6OBLMKMU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"K3UJL7PG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a9a2392ffc217de11dd7d746b59c2846bd25bfa508d9a80ef1f92a8f515aab54","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large scale astronomical surveys are going wider and deeper than ever before. However, astronomers, cosmologists and theorists continue to face the perennial issue that their data sets are often incomplete in magnitude space and must be carefully treated in order to avoid Malmquist bias, especially in the field of supernova cosmology. Historically, cosmological parameter inference in supernova cosmology was done using $\\chi^2$ methodology; however, recent years have seen a rise in the use of Bayesian Hierarchical Models. In this paper we develop a Bayesian Hierarchical methodology to account f","authors_text":"C D'Andrea, D Brout, M C March, m Sako, R C Wolf","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-04-06T22:15:41Z","title":"A Bayesian approach to truncated data sets: An application to Malmquist bias in Supernova Cosmology"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1804.02474","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4fcfadb2e483d2661f55a756b48f74c6d2c88557e3571165f3640a1995830f42","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"52b920d37ec9b659c44ef8227f41d6c351838104b99ac08ee803c9bf4fd4bc4c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-04-06T22:15:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"d8466a32fc5e183825ed360139c4f18945bf969885d905a7ab8d1f3df361f4e1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1804.02474","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"56e895fde6f382b62994a7d7747b6c7c9807e7575a9038b4790c1e55a5b25c98","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"56e895fde6f382b62994a7d7747b6c7c9807e7575a9038b4790c1e55a5b25c98","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:59.367948Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:59.367948Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"pYfM5Tc5OvE0Exkh8xuF0+TT8lPaA3pArmqIlmAuEHMki8KTveAGrgpm1xLFeHXcl13/VV91T/iXmAFXRJljAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:59.368427Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1804.02474","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4fcfadb2e483d2661f55a756b48f74c6d2c88557e3571165f3640a1995830f42","sha256:a9a2392ffc217de11dd7d746b59c2846bd25bfa508d9a80ef1f92a8f515aab54"],"state_sha256":"19429a6e9906cae0cb62c9c7a55251c2e6fdb393170d7cf7e795e444e42013fb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wpgKaelEstZCgue66BEsozZrHVe2apcWyHFiYJwb+XmCpMn7lUPQVsK0vCgsw2D6iNdSF6i819XC06VvDidaAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-30T19:41:24.029598Z","bundle_sha256":"da4ae56daecb72f7722514bfe7294cc8b0ee85f6c6d020c8254c94ae0798ee3d"}}