{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:K43JNQAWTTN2OIHGKGYOQKMPAP","short_pith_number":"pith:K43JNQAW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.07462","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2018-12-18T16:26:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5da3f7e4af1965906cd50f4ce60fb0f3da91255f72c94a445e9620177bbbcf2e","abstract_canon_sha256":"57d5b330554387d16c57682d461a27f567a3bf0edeb5dc2caf7f4608bc12e9fc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"573696c0169cdba720e651b0e8298f03eb8bcd909abfa135ada678b67f319495","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1812.07462","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.07462","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.07462v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.07462","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"K43JNQAWTTN2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"K43JNQAWTTN2OIHG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"K43JNQAW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:K43JNQAWTTN2OIHGKGYOQKMPAP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.07462","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2018-12-18T16:26:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5da3f7e4af1965906cd50f4ce60fb0f3da91255f72c94a445e9620177bbbcf2e","abstract_canon_sha256":"57d5b330554387d16c57682d461a27f567a3bf0edeb5dc2caf7f4608bc12e9fc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"573696c0169cdba720e651b0e8298f03eb8bcd909abfa135ada678b67f319495","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:53.353146Z","signature_b64":"JvcotY6F9NjRyiCjgMdErh8dhrmp/RANOdw0dJy+mb6CoYvhutcBwA8Dg5H62JSrA5X2QZCkYEunRHtyKoV4Dg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"573696c0169cdba720e651b0e8298f03eb8bcd909abfa135ada678b67f319495","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:53.352449Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:53.352449Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1812.07462","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cvU/5YK5kyg1d8oDWWW8nvhGZL0dzjVrI5YW8TjMah7Od6iXutY1ZbwKqalcnNyPb8+5tixMqdhTDLFO/KbIBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T03:00:19.267363Z"},"content_sha256":"89889844066223493d284d5817c76becd32ea0d390289dd894d3d258e4103da6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:89889844066223493d284d5817c76becd32ea0d390289dd894d3d258e4103da6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:K43JNQAWTTN2OIHGKGYOQKMPAP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Stabilization and self-passivation of symmetrical grain boundaries by mirror symmetry breaking","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"Ji-Sang Park","submitted_at":"2018-12-18T16:26:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"While computational methods for the study of point defects in materials have received significant attention, methods for the investigation of grain boundaries require further development. In this study, we applied a genetic algorithm to find the atomic structure of grain boundaries in semiconductor materials with given Miller indices and investigated their electronic structure. Our study of the {\\Sigma}3 (112) grain boundary in CdTe shows that the stability of grain boundaries can be greatly enhanced by breaking mirror symmetry, locally or globally. The resulting grain boundary can be electric"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.07462","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3ODD6/E+1vMuUb4rbZDQnzxRp354KwKfHjOtRT+NcE+Ts6z17YIgikjyMehks1ObiC8rtLNp4ccm93NYwy+DDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T03:00:19.267713Z"},"content_sha256":"8cd662ba9035627909004076cc1f67be5ea877b9222cff656f456aec02b50cac","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8cd662ba9035627909004076cc1f67be5ea877b9222cff656f456aec02b50cac"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/K43JNQAWTTN2OIHGKGYOQKMPAP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/K43JNQAWTTN2OIHGKGYOQKMPAP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/K43JNQAWTTN2OIHGKGYOQKMPAP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T03:00:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/K43JNQAWTTN2OIHGKGYOQKMPAP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/K43JNQAWTTN2OIHGKGYOQKMPAP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/K43JNQAWTTN2OIHGKGYOQKMPAP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/K43JNQAWTTN2OIHGKGYOQKMPAP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:K43JNQAWTTN2OIHGKGYOQKMPAP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"57d5b330554387d16c57682d461a27f567a3bf0edeb5dc2caf7f4608bc12e9fc","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2018-12-18T16:26:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"5da3f7e4af1965906cd50f4ce60fb0f3da91255f72c94a445e9620177bbbcf2e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.07462","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.07462","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.07462v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.07462","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"K43JNQAWTTN2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"K43JNQAWTTN2OIHG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"K43JNQAW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8cd662ba9035627909004076cc1f67be5ea877b9222cff656f456aec02b50cac","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"While computational methods for the study of point defects in materials have received significant attention, methods for the investigation of grain boundaries require further development. In this study, we applied a genetic algorithm to find the atomic structure of grain boundaries in semiconductor materials with given Miller indices and investigated their electronic structure. Our study of the {\\Sigma}3 (112) grain boundary in CdTe shows that the stability of grain boundaries can be greatly enhanced by breaking mirror symmetry, locally or globally. The resulting grain boundary can be electric","authors_text":"Ji-Sang Park","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2018-12-18T16:26:20Z","title":"Stabilization and self-passivation of symmetrical grain boundaries by mirror symmetry breaking"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.07462","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:89889844066223493d284d5817c76becd32ea0d390289dd894d3d258e4103da6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"57d5b330554387d16c57682d461a27f567a3bf0edeb5dc2caf7f4608bc12e9fc","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2018-12-18T16:26:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"5da3f7e4af1965906cd50f4ce60fb0f3da91255f72c94a445e9620177bbbcf2e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.07462","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"573696c0169cdba720e651b0e8298f03eb8bcd909abfa135ada678b67f319495","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"573696c0169cdba720e651b0e8298f03eb8bcd909abfa135ada678b67f319495","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:53.352449Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:53.352449Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JvcotY6F9NjRyiCjgMdErh8dhrmp/RANOdw0dJy+mb6CoYvhutcBwA8Dg5H62JSrA5X2QZCkYEunRHtyKoV4Dg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:53.353146Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1812.07462","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:89889844066223493d284d5817c76becd32ea0d390289dd894d3d258e4103da6","sha256:8cd662ba9035627909004076cc1f67be5ea877b9222cff656f456aec02b50cac"],"state_sha256":"91e29595f983ad8abcf0f02a550251dbc5fa273246b9c801ac8056e05bf34528"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jR5tAksoY6abQUzJY9kpxJKcUNF+0+bMD8wAb8yqaY1S8+WXwJ7bQwSFyhaJlnUfQ6Fi83oqFypGkUt6UzgfAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T03:00:19.269639Z","bundle_sha256":"c901dffc98062febd84c8e198c3030407af830fe25addb2c1181dc166732e59d"}}