{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:K4CPBY226YJANGZH6UJR7WBZ2Y","short_pith_number":"pith:K4CPBY22","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1401.0045","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2013-12-30T22:45:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b7b35fd69df89ff6dc1a716556f4fc5ef4bd8ac4a894378dcea2647d128940ea","abstract_canon_sha256":"91706036af2b8eaaa36929dbbdd5450719721c9991a610d7cec350b1f313b785"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5704f0e35af612069b27f5131fd839d62f4a0b6b60c39cd9eb64bbfba4f53543","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1401.0045","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1401.0045","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1401.0045v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1401.0045","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"K4CPBY226YJA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"K4CPBY226YJANGZH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"K4CPBY22","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:K4CPBY226YJANGZH6UJR7WBZ2Y","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1401.0045","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2013-12-30T22:45:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b7b35fd69df89ff6dc1a716556f4fc5ef4bd8ac4a894378dcea2647d128940ea","abstract_canon_sha256":"91706036af2b8eaaa36929dbbdd5450719721c9991a610d7cec350b1f313b785"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5704f0e35af612069b27f5131fd839d62f4a0b6b60c39cd9eb64bbfba4f53543","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:14.818643Z","signature_b64":"JJEoY6IKGC58ShtEkLCSxWhB3DiMwu0PrhZorppu1/u5Vp4TaXVq0vzSLpLh5ICMLgz6SB4pqQcd/DIUjeJTDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5704f0e35af612069b27f5131fd839d62f4a0b6b60c39cd9eb64bbfba4f53543","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:14.818132Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:14.818132Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1401.0045","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Xu9oSkqMzmAAiE5SlZqdjrW4ExHeZpzvnSBUix1jnjTlnzIOYs7HDoPYv2VbuaXOV+vQ6tGA9g//TJdHefLLDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T22:53:18.935506Z"},"content_sha256":"c55ac9d0bcc178f9b609b2c0d9a5b98109b4d585d91ffacb35c8a65acb3e5550","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c55ac9d0bcc178f9b609b2c0d9a5b98109b4d585d91ffacb35c8a65acb3e5550"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:K4CPBY226YJANGZH6UJR7WBZ2Y","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The role of material strength in collisions -- Comparing solid body and hydrodynamic physics for simulating collisions of planetesimals with icy shells","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Christoph Sch\\\"afer, Roland Speith, Rudolf Dvorak, Thomas I. Maindl","submitted_at":"2013-12-30T22:45:19Z","abstract_excerpt":"Context. We investigate the effects of including material strength in multi-material planetesimal collisions. Aims. The differences between strengthless material models and including the full elasto-plastic model for solid bodies with brittle failure and fragmentation when treating collisions of asteroid-sized bodies as they occur frequently in early planetary systems are demonstrated. Methods. We study impacts of bodies of Ceres-mass with a solid rock impactor and a target with 30 weight-% water content as surface ice.} The initial impact velocities and impact parameters are varied between th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1401.0045","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NDiAQ5e20Ss95ckmUSaNo5E6818Vi7NSUQN9k6B+RGXlK2B31zJ9dPbCFQW48GBUFAb8QmI1+vM/8fq/XnWrDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T22:53:18.936213Z"},"content_sha256":"1f32aa62f8fdb49c1917ec8a6f4de9b01ccfe287d2a50beee51c31a9b5426397","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1f32aa62f8fdb49c1917ec8a6f4de9b01ccfe287d2a50beee51c31a9b5426397"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/K4CPBY226YJANGZH6UJR7WBZ2Y/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/K4CPBY226YJANGZH6UJR7WBZ2Y/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/K4CPBY226YJANGZH6UJR7WBZ2Y/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T22:53:18Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/K4CPBY226YJANGZH6UJR7WBZ2Y","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/K4CPBY226YJANGZH6UJR7WBZ2Y/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/K4CPBY226YJANGZH6UJR7WBZ2Y/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/K4CPBY226YJANGZH6UJR7WBZ2Y/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:K4CPBY226YJANGZH6UJR7WBZ2Y","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"91706036af2b8eaaa36929dbbdd5450719721c9991a610d7cec350b1f313b785","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2013-12-30T22:45:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"b7b35fd69df89ff6dc1a716556f4fc5ef4bd8ac4a894378dcea2647d128940ea"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1401.0045","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1401.0045","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1401.0045v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1401.0045","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"K4CPBY226YJA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"K4CPBY226YJANGZH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"K4CPBY22","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1f32aa62f8fdb49c1917ec8a6f4de9b01ccfe287d2a50beee51c31a9b5426397","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Context. We investigate the effects of including material strength in multi-material planetesimal collisions. Aims. The differences between strengthless material models and including the full elasto-plastic model for solid bodies with brittle failure and fragmentation when treating collisions of asteroid-sized bodies as they occur frequently in early planetary systems are demonstrated. Methods. We study impacts of bodies of Ceres-mass with a solid rock impactor and a target with 30 weight-% water content as surface ice.} The initial impact velocities and impact parameters are varied between th","authors_text":"Christoph Sch\\\"afer, Roland Speith, Rudolf Dvorak, Thomas I. Maindl","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2013-12-30T22:45:19Z","title":"The role of material strength in collisions -- Comparing solid body and hydrodynamic physics for simulating collisions of planetesimals with icy shells"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1401.0045","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c55ac9d0bcc178f9b609b2c0d9a5b98109b4d585d91ffacb35c8a65acb3e5550","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"91706036af2b8eaaa36929dbbdd5450719721c9991a610d7cec350b1f313b785","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2013-12-30T22:45:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"b7b35fd69df89ff6dc1a716556f4fc5ef4bd8ac4a894378dcea2647d128940ea"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1401.0045","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"5704f0e35af612069b27f5131fd839d62f4a0b6b60c39cd9eb64bbfba4f53543","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5704f0e35af612069b27f5131fd839d62f4a0b6b60c39cd9eb64bbfba4f53543","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:14.818132Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:14.818132Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JJEoY6IKGC58ShtEkLCSxWhB3DiMwu0PrhZorppu1/u5Vp4TaXVq0vzSLpLh5ICMLgz6SB4pqQcd/DIUjeJTDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:46:14.818643Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1401.0045","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c55ac9d0bcc178f9b609b2c0d9a5b98109b4d585d91ffacb35c8a65acb3e5550","sha256:1f32aa62f8fdb49c1917ec8a6f4de9b01ccfe287d2a50beee51c31a9b5426397"],"state_sha256":"d7cc37e6eb39ef217fafd8386f68ace9bafb6d741ea6229bea18625aa39aaab7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qQGlNdTpS4oZ6YVr6T9Yv9JCmKvwnKQvUQ7I5ArYa8PD8N5/z1yBDmCfIiJGqVL4Zcr7L9IfuEP1RpIidGC/BQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T22:53:18.940235Z","bundle_sha256":"5ceef410164a65d44dd3345edf82953bd0aa96bc34ad114cb2cf7f2bcdcbc524"}}