{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:K5FG6WJQNWHANBPQOXQJQCGL5D","short_pith_number":"pith:K5FG6WJQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2002.03857","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2020-02-10T15:19:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.bio-ph","physics.med-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"761e67dc7f2d200fbb9ded4f8f96ebd0273e6664d67e77b1a56c194614418cf5","abstract_canon_sha256":"9dc25dd453759059d26e0028b0c2e4946021eae5dbc6f17924701cb3a411c9a8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"574a6f59306d8e0685f075e09808cbe8e4ce4e697fc8410382c8f1204f2d0cac","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2002.03857","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2002.03857","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2002.03857v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2002.03857","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"K5FG6WJQNWHA","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"K5FG6WJQNWHANBPQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"K5FG6WJQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:K5FG6WJQNWHANBPQOXQJQCGL5D","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2002.03857","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2020-02-10T15:19:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.bio-ph","physics.med-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"761e67dc7f2d200fbb9ded4f8f96ebd0273e6664d67e77b1a56c194614418cf5","abstract_canon_sha256":"9dc25dd453759059d26e0028b0c2e4946021eae5dbc6f17924701cb3a411c9a8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"574a6f59306d8e0685f075e09808cbe8e4ce4e697fc8410382c8f1204f2d0cac","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34.307481Z","signature_b64":"GU/Y/LqN0xrASgZSFrdJ90bY6JoLrzha6unsw7OhDMlWVQ/3B1vxL2tRfS/UJHc6YL9gbIZmyJg5MSKO0ULvBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"574a6f59306d8e0685f075e09808cbe8e4ce4e697fc8410382c8f1204f2d0cac","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34.306988Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34.306988Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2002.03857","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"18zbXUFOl44+08nIgaFHSDxKFPhMLXbqcwY8alQJZsaDWBKrjiq7hPNhC5uhiYJu7c75ay0e0MGKQhnZlKiiAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-26T04:49:12.005351Z"},"content_sha256":"4ce918b21caa1e6afc81838995297644a9b869ab5449dd641951c7b163c8d51f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4ce918b21caa1e6afc81838995297644a9b869ab5449dd641951c7b163c8d51f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:K5FG6WJQNWHANBPQOXQJQCGL5D","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Physiologic Blood Flow is Turbulent: Revisiting the Principles of Vascular Hemodynamics","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.bio-ph","physics.med-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Khalid M. Saqr, Kuniyasu Niizuma, Makoto Ohta, Sherif Rashad, Simon Tupin, Teiji Tominaga, Toshiki Endo","submitted_at":"2020-02-10T15:19:12Z","abstract_excerpt":"Contemporary paradigm of vascular hemodynamics considers normal blood flow to be pulsatile laminar flow. Transition to turbulence can cause diseases such as atherosclerosis or brain aneurysms. Recently, we demonstrated the existence of turbulence in experimental models of brain aneurysm; in the aneurysm sac as well as in the main artery. Thus, we were intrigued to explore if such a long-standing assumption of the laminarity of blood flow could be challenged. We have used methods and tools from chaos theory, hydrodynamic stability theory and turbulence physics to explore the existence of turbul"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2002.03857","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2002.03857/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vqstA1xnVXPp+WLcZpSRp7d0OwAqMv69OWt5RhdKsajvL5CZyJm1b2OVpyRwETGBwcPOaDDkELHKO0bjcD4LDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-26T04:49:12.005739Z"},"content_sha256":"f4e110d1b119500ba959494043b0ac77c4962b2aebe2de7cb8153667c6d45657","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f4e110d1b119500ba959494043b0ac77c4962b2aebe2de7cb8153667c6d45657"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/K5FG6WJQNWHANBPQOXQJQCGL5D/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/K5FG6WJQNWHANBPQOXQJQCGL5D/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/K5FG6WJQNWHANBPQOXQJQCGL5D/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-26T04:49:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/K5FG6WJQNWHANBPQOXQJQCGL5D","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/K5FG6WJQNWHANBPQOXQJQCGL5D/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/K5FG6WJQNWHANBPQOXQJQCGL5D/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/K5FG6WJQNWHANBPQOXQJQCGL5D/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:K5FG6WJQNWHANBPQOXQJQCGL5D","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9dc25dd453759059d26e0028b0c2e4946021eae5dbc6f17924701cb3a411c9a8","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.bio-ph","physics.med-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2020-02-10T15:19:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"761e67dc7f2d200fbb9ded4f8f96ebd0273e6664d67e77b1a56c194614418cf5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2002.03857","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2002.03857","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2002.03857v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2002.03857","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"K5FG6WJQNWHA","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"K5FG6WJQNWHANBPQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"K5FG6WJQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f4e110d1b119500ba959494043b0ac77c4962b2aebe2de7cb8153667c6d45657","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2002.03857/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Contemporary paradigm of vascular hemodynamics considers normal blood flow to be pulsatile laminar flow. Transition to turbulence can cause diseases such as atherosclerosis or brain aneurysms. Recently, we demonstrated the existence of turbulence in experimental models of brain aneurysm; in the aneurysm sac as well as in the main artery. Thus, we were intrigued to explore if such a long-standing assumption of the laminarity of blood flow could be challenged. We have used methods and tools from chaos theory, hydrodynamic stability theory and turbulence physics to explore the existence of turbul","authors_text":"Khalid M. Saqr, Kuniyasu Niizuma, Makoto Ohta, Sherif Rashad, Simon Tupin, Teiji Tominaga, Toshiki Endo","cross_cats":["physics.bio-ph","physics.med-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2020-02-10T15:19:12Z","title":"Physiologic Blood Flow is Turbulent: Revisiting the Principles of Vascular Hemodynamics"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2002.03857","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4ce918b21caa1e6afc81838995297644a9b869ab5449dd641951c7b163c8d51f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9dc25dd453759059d26e0028b0c2e4946021eae5dbc6f17924701cb3a411c9a8","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.bio-ph","physics.med-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2020-02-10T15:19:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"761e67dc7f2d200fbb9ded4f8f96ebd0273e6664d67e77b1a56c194614418cf5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2002.03857","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"574a6f59306d8e0685f075e09808cbe8e4ce4e697fc8410382c8f1204f2d0cac","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"574a6f59306d8e0685f075e09808cbe8e4ce4e697fc8410382c8f1204f2d0cac","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34.306988Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34.306988Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"GU/Y/LqN0xrASgZSFrdJ90bY6JoLrzha6unsw7OhDMlWVQ/3B1vxL2tRfS/UJHc6YL9gbIZmyJg5MSKO0ULvBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:34.307481Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2002.03857","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4ce918b21caa1e6afc81838995297644a9b869ab5449dd641951c7b163c8d51f","sha256:f4e110d1b119500ba959494043b0ac77c4962b2aebe2de7cb8153667c6d45657"],"state_sha256":"e12b3aeb0aff4be2c4c3fc11caf1e793a26225898d8e3c5a25f590c5df7cf984"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uDgeVYST2oGkKP+0nKWSUAxqG9ZUaf6pWjjWmwxBpYVB3HzdJc+OKEC+uosWhEM62oLMghCyEKVpLru3n73zBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-26T04:49:12.008313Z","bundle_sha256":"50ac1aa8c1d55d5d0513f8509f862c74901cea1403e9dd599441390ec9202e79"}}