{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1994:K5QIDKA5KBEWBALIR6I7EYG726","short_pith_number":"pith:K5QIDKA5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-th/9407168","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1994-07-26T16:01:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"553cf37f67682391136065fcc4b348312e3d258984c1da6fe75d5f9242131dc5","abstract_canon_sha256":"39cd7b68a75025382327ef27356edf14dcfc1700f47caf89b07d0ce7beec5ec9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"576081a81d50496081688f91f260dfd78c3eb773b4f3e0f5f315959e72fd3707","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"hep-th/9407168","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-th/9407168","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-th/9407168v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9407168","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"K5QIDKA5KBEW","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"K5QIDKA5KBEWBALI","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"K5QIDKA5","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1994:K5QIDKA5KBEWBALIR6I7EYG726","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-th/9407168","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1994-07-26T16:01:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"553cf37f67682391136065fcc4b348312e3d258984c1da6fe75d5f9242131dc5","abstract_canon_sha256":"39cd7b68a75025382327ef27356edf14dcfc1700f47caf89b07d0ce7beec5ec9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"576081a81d50496081688f91f260dfd78c3eb773b4f3e0f5f315959e72fd3707","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49.345228Z","signature_b64":"9O91X3X6lU7gsuB637SoEmEOJsN3zHcFHfRtlngZBfqlHnSItSaXl3hw2X5n8XnDDj2EBSl/MFDz0VG2QWsFDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"576081a81d50496081688f91f260dfd78c3eb773b4f3e0f5f315959e72fd3707","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49.344821Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49.344821Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"hep-th/9407168","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9z4z2lZEU75z+lVoA9fNO1VOsn+B9ZgFrOQZluzjR4e6K5mKbe1mJdN1ifw/f9A9BtRvDIdMoXiuTt5Ohh7QCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T02:55:08.012716Z"},"content_sha256":"be63384c9c7ad7b3c10ed2aa45d91140d48473d09c3c901eca7ab07b709bf2f6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:be63384c9c7ad7b3c10ed2aa45d91140d48473d09c3c901eca7ab07b709bf2f6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1994:K5QIDKA5KBEWBALIR6I7EYG726","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Dynamical Flavor Symmetry Breaking by a Magnetic Field in $2+1$ Dimensions","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"I.A.Shovkovy, V.A.Miransky, V.P.Gusynin","submitted_at":"1994-07-26T16:01:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"It is shown that in $2+1$ dimensions, a constant magnetic field is a strong catalyst of dynamical flavor symmetry breaking, leading to generating a fermion dynamical mass even at the weakest attractive interaction between fermions. The essence of this effect is that in a magnetic field, in $2+1$ dimensions, the dynamics of fermion pairing is essentially one-dimensional. The effect is illustrated in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model in a magnetic field. The low-energy effective action in this model is derived and the thermodynamic properties of the model are considered. The relevance of this effect "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-th/9407168","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/hep-th/9407168/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AgFMd3iLyYooG4yqfEYjs5psxoImyKZag1YfY4kbdVia40rFfe112Qm/2lqOf2o6z5OWktdLqIaSLUF64btPDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T02:55:08.013582Z"},"content_sha256":"59cda883c206adf00429952683c25a78f095235ad1b5cb4ed6262da22f266f71","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:59cda883c206adf00429952683c25a78f095235ad1b5cb4ed6262da22f266f71"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/K5QIDKA5KBEWBALIR6I7EYG726/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/K5QIDKA5KBEWBALIR6I7EYG726/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/K5QIDKA5KBEWBALIR6I7EYG726/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-11T02:55:08Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/K5QIDKA5KBEWBALIR6I7EYG726","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/K5QIDKA5KBEWBALIR6I7EYG726/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/K5QIDKA5KBEWBALIR6I7EYG726/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/K5QIDKA5KBEWBALIR6I7EYG726/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1994:K5QIDKA5KBEWBALIR6I7EYG726","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"39cd7b68a75025382327ef27356edf14dcfc1700f47caf89b07d0ce7beec5ec9","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1994-07-26T16:01:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"553cf37f67682391136065fcc4b348312e3d258984c1da6fe75d5f9242131dc5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-th/9407168","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-th/9407168","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-th/9407168v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9407168","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"K5QIDKA5KBEW","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"K5QIDKA5KBEWBALI","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"K5QIDKA5","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:59cda883c206adf00429952683c25a78f095235ad1b5cb4ed6262da22f266f71","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/hep-th/9407168/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"It is shown that in $2+1$ dimensions, a constant magnetic field is a strong catalyst of dynamical flavor symmetry breaking, leading to generating a fermion dynamical mass even at the weakest attractive interaction between fermions. The essence of this effect is that in a magnetic field, in $2+1$ dimensions, the dynamics of fermion pairing is essentially one-dimensional. The effect is illustrated in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model in a magnetic field. The low-energy effective action in this model is derived and the thermodynamic properties of the model are considered. The relevance of this effect ","authors_text":"I.A.Shovkovy, V.A.Miransky, V.P.Gusynin","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1994-07-26T16:01:00Z","title":"Dynamical Flavor Symmetry Breaking by a Magnetic Field in $2+1$ Dimensions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-th/9407168","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:be63384c9c7ad7b3c10ed2aa45d91140d48473d09c3c901eca7ab07b709bf2f6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"39cd7b68a75025382327ef27356edf14dcfc1700f47caf89b07d0ce7beec5ec9","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1994-07-26T16:01:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"553cf37f67682391136065fcc4b348312e3d258984c1da6fe75d5f9242131dc5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-th/9407168","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"576081a81d50496081688f91f260dfd78c3eb773b4f3e0f5f315959e72fd3707","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"576081a81d50496081688f91f260dfd78c3eb773b4f3e0f5f315959e72fd3707","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49.344821Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49.344821Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9O91X3X6lU7gsuB637SoEmEOJsN3zHcFHfRtlngZBfqlHnSItSaXl3hw2X5n8XnDDj2EBSl/MFDz0VG2QWsFDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:57:49.345228Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"hep-th/9407168","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:be63384c9c7ad7b3c10ed2aa45d91140d48473d09c3c901eca7ab07b709bf2f6","sha256:59cda883c206adf00429952683c25a78f095235ad1b5cb4ed6262da22f266f71"],"state_sha256":"c547f1c6727cb4c30332ff06a5dcc30f8c99a8bbcc6e2f9ac4f5aa7d082b5ce6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"o0paWNLE8jYXxWmAYg8jR8vnQuCb8oPEiZYjkFK9vrbERRUi3qemgMi6mVMyfP8Gi4UIwyIp/KAIxy6KmajsAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T02:55:08.017640Z","bundle_sha256":"91f91e1dbd14d0df998589a793cbb72c4cfb4adc565db30d4eeda553b64c593c"}}