{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:K7KJDUWMJPG4Y7QRZKSHZVAN7T","short_pith_number":"pith:K7KJDUWM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1601.03501","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2016-01-14T06:33:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"58169e6a5b90511936bca69fb5d7d7a9358621278d00e90fbf20b37b8495ba9f","abstract_canon_sha256":"d25edcd2850c4d3762c172efbc8b0f8d33dd691c6bd81f3e6b963347ade0ab99"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"57d491d2cc4bcdcc7e11caa47cd40dfcefd5a14f95fdc418f8a265328d07305e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1601.03501","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1601.03501","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1601.03501v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1601.03501","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"K7KJDUWMJPG4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"K7KJDUWMJPG4Y7QR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"K7KJDUWM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:K7KJDUWMJPG4Y7QRZKSHZVAN7T","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1601.03501","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2016-01-14T06:33:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"58169e6a5b90511936bca69fb5d7d7a9358621278d00e90fbf20b37b8495ba9f","abstract_canon_sha256":"d25edcd2850c4d3762c172efbc8b0f8d33dd691c6bd81f3e6b963347ade0ab99"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"57d491d2cc4bcdcc7e11caa47cd40dfcefd5a14f95fdc418f8a265328d07305e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:53.303044Z","signature_b64":"G46NHAKCqGKNFSZTpcOfkpAZBQbduCi+4M4RgXcp1SvtmVD9XNV/xxNnCYPdFXlwWzXraGsBOOOGkcWLOSWbBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"57d491d2cc4bcdcc7e11caa47cd40dfcefd5a14f95fdc418f8a265328d07305e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:53.302386Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:53.302386Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1601.03501","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"K7cAUXHGctNwsDkExDu4EdXxlk1ekNI5Pj0s8xxYe4ksWHXmxaz4slI4KSvz8oxDAq8dY4603rByGKIGfNVRBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-25T08:17:58.658049Z"},"content_sha256":"49c735a36e2adac3fc3375900b534bffbf9e075e0118a1352114a88dec4b47c2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:49c735a36e2adac3fc3375900b534bffbf9e075e0118a1352114a88dec4b47c2"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:K7KJDUWMJPG4Y7QRZKSHZVAN7T","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Efficient nonparametric estimation of causal mediation effects","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"K.C.G. Chan, K. Imai, S.C.P. Yam, Z. Zhang","submitted_at":"2016-01-14T06:33:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"An essential goal of program evaluation and scientific research is the investigation of causal mechanisms. Over the past several decades, causal mediation analysis has been used in medical and social sciences to decompose the treatment effect into the natural direct and indirect effects. However, all of the existing mediation analysis methods rely on parametric modeling assumptions in one way or another, typically requiring researchers to specify multiple regression models involving the treatment, mediator, outcome, and pre-treatment confounders. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1601.03501","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jJAMQDi/IoK3q21wh51tF3iy1IIphH/MjlzzV7hZL+39WxD2eMGC8z4tvNrzm+AcCX8yA1V4N89t98IyTlwmCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-25T08:17:58.658396Z"},"content_sha256":"93076383dc492aca382a120aba6a008dbb0579e67a0c6f1a727ec4facf09ce91","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:93076383dc492aca382a120aba6a008dbb0579e67a0c6f1a727ec4facf09ce91"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/K7KJDUWMJPG4Y7QRZKSHZVAN7T/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/K7KJDUWMJPG4Y7QRZKSHZVAN7T/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/K7KJDUWMJPG4Y7QRZKSHZVAN7T/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-25T08:17:58Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/K7KJDUWMJPG4Y7QRZKSHZVAN7T","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/K7KJDUWMJPG4Y7QRZKSHZVAN7T/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/K7KJDUWMJPG4Y7QRZKSHZVAN7T/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/K7KJDUWMJPG4Y7QRZKSHZVAN7T/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:K7KJDUWMJPG4Y7QRZKSHZVAN7T","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d25edcd2850c4d3762c172efbc8b0f8d33dd691c6bd81f3e6b963347ade0ab99","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2016-01-14T06:33:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"58169e6a5b90511936bca69fb5d7d7a9358621278d00e90fbf20b37b8495ba9f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1601.03501","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1601.03501","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1601.03501v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1601.03501","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"K7KJDUWMJPG4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"K7KJDUWMJPG4Y7QR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"K7KJDUWM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:93076383dc492aca382a120aba6a008dbb0579e67a0c6f1a727ec4facf09ce91","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"An essential goal of program evaluation and scientific research is the investigation of causal mechanisms. Over the past several decades, causal mediation analysis has been used in medical and social sciences to decompose the treatment effect into the natural direct and indirect effects. However, all of the existing mediation analysis methods rely on parametric modeling assumptions in one way or another, typically requiring researchers to specify multiple regression models involving the treatment, mediator, outcome, and pre-treatment confounders. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel","authors_text":"K.C.G. Chan, K. Imai, S.C.P. Yam, Z. Zhang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2016-01-14T06:33:14Z","title":"Efficient nonparametric estimation of causal mediation effects"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1601.03501","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:49c735a36e2adac3fc3375900b534bffbf9e075e0118a1352114a88dec4b47c2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d25edcd2850c4d3762c172efbc8b0f8d33dd691c6bd81f3e6b963347ade0ab99","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2016-01-14T06:33:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"58169e6a5b90511936bca69fb5d7d7a9358621278d00e90fbf20b37b8495ba9f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1601.03501","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"57d491d2cc4bcdcc7e11caa47cd40dfcefd5a14f95fdc418f8a265328d07305e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"57d491d2cc4bcdcc7e11caa47cd40dfcefd5a14f95fdc418f8a265328d07305e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:53.302386Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:53.302386Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"G46NHAKCqGKNFSZTpcOfkpAZBQbduCi+4M4RgXcp1SvtmVD9XNV/xxNnCYPdFXlwWzXraGsBOOOGkcWLOSWbBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:53.303044Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1601.03501","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:49c735a36e2adac3fc3375900b534bffbf9e075e0118a1352114a88dec4b47c2","sha256:93076383dc492aca382a120aba6a008dbb0579e67a0c6f1a727ec4facf09ce91"],"state_sha256":"5ab017f92bffc07a72e0a9d63a32fbf72f77349f037d4fdfd49c117a12066092"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Y+qL7bbp6LdN5AZqWgrp08AB1ibL4ty4Xl7xrqYGosuAv1MOFin3x1KzjgyJa9ybuW/nWSHlMvJaRhBsemI3CA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-25T08:17:58.660255Z","bundle_sha256":"2e3413ccaaa5b733f9275ba65f798b5a8bfe79e9320886dc89a3a02bc36d4d33"}}