{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:KBSKZ5G7DUSVBGCJ4TMT2WJS7R","short_pith_number":"pith:KBSKZ5G7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2011.11754","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2020-11-23T22:00:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","physics.app-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"f7e1a42f4da486ea8d17a0352c5ba4e9a9ac8e481463e5934ffd41954a5c9e64","abstract_canon_sha256":"8f8bdecb60c308aa9fc99184cc0b96d2100edde2c6aeaa21c5b33e87d70af6c6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5064acf4df1d25509849e4d93d5932fc4a1a703ff239e048759b028b321ebc73","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2011.11754","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2011.11754","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2011.11754v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2011.11754","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KBSKZ5G7DUSV","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KBSKZ5G7DUSVBGCJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KBSKZ5G7","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:KBSKZ5G7DUSVBGCJ4TMT2WJS7R","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2011.11754","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2020-11-23T22:00:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","physics.app-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"f7e1a42f4da486ea8d17a0352c5ba4e9a9ac8e481463e5934ffd41954a5c9e64","abstract_canon_sha256":"8f8bdecb60c308aa9fc99184cc0b96d2100edde2c6aeaa21c5b33e87d70af6c6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5064acf4df1d25509849e4d93d5932fc4a1a703ff239e048759b028b321ebc73","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49.222106Z","signature_b64":"uM7aXCmAA912tHjjs200I5KreqG6F1NHajae2OE9ydfKgLLIwQsJ/6TmUOE4N0oFkzrEqNCrOC3RudOB++p9BA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5064acf4df1d25509849e4d93d5932fc4a1a703ff239e048759b028b321ebc73","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49.221680Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49.221680Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2011.11754","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6AJ/PlWP9XhShU8cmlK76rs3JfVH9YtEtxSXfqCQwjYSblc4ZwI/N2Cf4dMuBvFisHRTsBn6ZfpFGmV2Bh6XDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T19:20:46.593784Z"},"content_sha256":"2d138c7f1bce12b6705620ae689b989a884fb6e198d30f1cbd8c4717bd2f254a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2d138c7f1bce12b6705620ae689b989a884fb6e198d30f1cbd8c4717bd2f254a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:KBSKZ5G7DUSVBGCJ4TMT2WJS7R","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Machine Learning enables Ultra-Compact Integrated Photonics through Silicon-Nanopattern Digital Metamaterials","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","physics.app-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Alex Hamrick, Apratim Majumder, Berardi Sensale-Rodriguez, Rajesh Menon, Sourangsu Banerji","submitted_at":"2020-11-23T22:00:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this work, we demonstrate three ultra-compact integrated-photonics devices, which are designed via a machine-learning algorithm coupled with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling. Through digitizing the design domain into \"binary pixels\" these digital metamaterials are readily manufacturable as well. By showing a variety of devices (beamsplitters and waveguide bends), we showcase the generality of our approach. With an area footprint smaller than ${\\lambda_0}^2$, our designs are amongst the smallest reported to-date. Our method combines machine learning with digital metamaterials to"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2011.11754","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2011.11754/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QmwxSX5JezvGVyUdaR7easa3dcEp9ARA+s0gtdnTkRYa3tm6C+g56ElIKNrMsSQmtcAtv55U2OIgvBpPUEVZCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T19:20:46.594152Z"},"content_sha256":"51bf47eff4c4ed5a1a2a71df17f5b269ad9192f7af12f275c61c8846dcc73d93","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:51bf47eff4c4ed5a1a2a71df17f5b269ad9192f7af12f275c61c8846dcc73d93"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KBSKZ5G7DUSVBGCJ4TMT2WJS7R/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KBSKZ5G7DUSVBGCJ4TMT2WJS7R/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KBSKZ5G7DUSVBGCJ4TMT2WJS7R/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T19:20:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KBSKZ5G7DUSVBGCJ4TMT2WJS7R","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KBSKZ5G7DUSVBGCJ4TMT2WJS7R/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KBSKZ5G7DUSVBGCJ4TMT2WJS7R/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KBSKZ5G7DUSVBGCJ4TMT2WJS7R/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:KBSKZ5G7DUSVBGCJ4TMT2WJS7R","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8f8bdecb60c308aa9fc99184cc0b96d2100edde2c6aeaa21c5b33e87d70af6c6","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","physics.app-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2020-11-23T22:00:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"f7e1a42f4da486ea8d17a0352c5ba4e9a9ac8e481463e5934ffd41954a5c9e64"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2011.11754","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2011.11754","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2011.11754v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2011.11754","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KBSKZ5G7DUSV","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KBSKZ5G7DUSVBGCJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KBSKZ5G7","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:51bf47eff4c4ed5a1a2a71df17f5b269ad9192f7af12f275c61c8846dcc73d93","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2011.11754/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this work, we demonstrate three ultra-compact integrated-photonics devices, which are designed via a machine-learning algorithm coupled with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling. Through digitizing the design domain into \"binary pixels\" these digital metamaterials are readily manufacturable as well. By showing a variety of devices (beamsplitters and waveguide bends), we showcase the generality of our approach. With an area footprint smaller than ${\\lambda_0}^2$, our designs are amongst the smallest reported to-date. Our method combines machine learning with digital metamaterials to","authors_text":"Alex Hamrick, Apratim Majumder, Berardi Sensale-Rodriguez, Rajesh Menon, Sourangsu Banerji","cross_cats":["cs.LG","physics.app-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2020-11-23T22:00:20Z","title":"Machine Learning enables Ultra-Compact Integrated Photonics through Silicon-Nanopattern Digital Metamaterials"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2011.11754","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2d138c7f1bce12b6705620ae689b989a884fb6e198d30f1cbd8c4717bd2f254a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8f8bdecb60c308aa9fc99184cc0b96d2100edde2c6aeaa21c5b33e87d70af6c6","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","physics.app-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2020-11-23T22:00:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"f7e1a42f4da486ea8d17a0352c5ba4e9a9ac8e481463e5934ffd41954a5c9e64"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2011.11754","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"5064acf4df1d25509849e4d93d5932fc4a1a703ff239e048759b028b321ebc73","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5064acf4df1d25509849e4d93d5932fc4a1a703ff239e048759b028b321ebc73","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49.221680Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49.221680Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"uM7aXCmAA912tHjjs200I5KreqG6F1NHajae2OE9ydfKgLLIwQsJ/6TmUOE4N0oFkzrEqNCrOC3RudOB++p9BA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:49.222106Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2011.11754","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2d138c7f1bce12b6705620ae689b989a884fb6e198d30f1cbd8c4717bd2f254a","sha256:51bf47eff4c4ed5a1a2a71df17f5b269ad9192f7af12f275c61c8846dcc73d93"],"state_sha256":"5ca87390927a49fdce83ded32b68028d3a90621d74edc19273859ac824bdc989"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Y5Vq6lXmxTc8Ztsu8/6q1VfVVCkX0XvUEQMPrrtRHLYZABt3uqa22Gq6AVgmJ36/RTwhXPOO9Tr8AYyJTp4ADg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T19:20:46.596768Z","bundle_sha256":"9b856e53bf86e774812c0bcbf64e88532cddc614c4db5a959300a6170823cad6"}}