{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:KCGXJSEAU2TUYD55OU2QT2I24N","short_pith_number":"pith:KCGXJSEA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1808.07080","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-08-21T18:42:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6186c4b70f0cd9efc158f9aa0432f99f4b9b46112f6abba2482986ebb82418cb","abstract_canon_sha256":"2adca2f20e70130d2e107c1edb5d164e6772ec5c861e2fc228ac80b97577b7ba"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"508d74c880a6a74c0fbd753509e91ae366691a45d88d951458ff89bda8028430","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1808.07080","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.07080","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.07080v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.07080","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KCGXJSEAU2TU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KCGXJSEAU2TUYD55","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KCGXJSEA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:KCGXJSEAU2TUYD55OU2QT2I24N","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1808.07080","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-08-21T18:42:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6186c4b70f0cd9efc158f9aa0432f99f4b9b46112f6abba2482986ebb82418cb","abstract_canon_sha256":"2adca2f20e70130d2e107c1edb5d164e6772ec5c861e2fc228ac80b97577b7ba"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"508d74c880a6a74c0fbd753509e91ae366691a45d88d951458ff89bda8028430","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:31.986036Z","signature_b64":"0OjQ/C4cxBc+ESOjLpBpC1vkf79GC+8cSb6PznYMhSLudV2YfGOjKeEIX+1jLy74qEjvYlKWo6YYKFG8wc4wDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"508d74c880a6a74c0fbd753509e91ae366691a45d88d951458ff89bda8028430","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:31.985460Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:31.985460Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1808.07080","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KU1G3JBop0OzR6JkXYSCldg/JzYwP2snQaDfPDzgfs3QCzbr600nDO8hWB576sVCWE7skWundGgXEsB4PNTmBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T05:34:05.113651Z"},"content_sha256":"d95a219aa602c460e4f9f8cc2801497a9589024770f44c082da4a34ec81526fe","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d95a219aa602c460e4f9f8cc2801497a9589024770f44c082da4a34ec81526fe"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:KCGXJSEAU2TUYD55OU2QT2I24N","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A universal route for the formation of massive star clusters in giant molecular clouds","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Corey S. Howard, Ralph E. Pudritz, William E. Harris","submitted_at":"2018-08-21T18:42:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"Young massive star clusters (YMCs, with M $\\geq$10$^4$ M$_{\\odot}$) are proposed modern-day analogues of the globular clusters (GCs) that were products of extreme star formation in the early universe. The exact conditions and mechanisms under which YMCs form remain unknown -- a fact further complicated by the extreme radiation fields produced by their numerous massive young stars. Here we show that GC-sized clusters are naturally produced in radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of isolated 10$^7$ M$_{\\odot}$ Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) with properties typical of the local universe, even under "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.07080","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6FZCqGkIdnpzhkxASFsnOohn/JNFM80CmicOik1BcZZvwt0vs4dHBwo3q4hwZRx51TsftFOl1cUMzRO7g5F0Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T05:34:05.113981Z"},"content_sha256":"81baa3fd7a908200f635707ed71bd25fa0e9aaf86618416b331ca70a7192e4b8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:81baa3fd7a908200f635707ed71bd25fa0e9aaf86618416b331ca70a7192e4b8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KCGXJSEAU2TUYD55OU2QT2I24N/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KCGXJSEAU2TUYD55OU2QT2I24N/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KCGXJSEAU2TUYD55OU2QT2I24N/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-27T05:34:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KCGXJSEAU2TUYD55OU2QT2I24N","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KCGXJSEAU2TUYD55OU2QT2I24N/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KCGXJSEAU2TUYD55OU2QT2I24N/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KCGXJSEAU2TUYD55OU2QT2I24N/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:KCGXJSEAU2TUYD55OU2QT2I24N","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2adca2f20e70130d2e107c1edb5d164e6772ec5c861e2fc228ac80b97577b7ba","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-08-21T18:42:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"6186c4b70f0cd9efc158f9aa0432f99f4b9b46112f6abba2482986ebb82418cb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.07080","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.07080","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.07080v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.07080","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KCGXJSEAU2TU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KCGXJSEAU2TUYD55","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KCGXJSEA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:81baa3fd7a908200f635707ed71bd25fa0e9aaf86618416b331ca70a7192e4b8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Young massive star clusters (YMCs, with M $\\geq$10$^4$ M$_{\\odot}$) are proposed modern-day analogues of the globular clusters (GCs) that were products of extreme star formation in the early universe. The exact conditions and mechanisms under which YMCs form remain unknown -- a fact further complicated by the extreme radiation fields produced by their numerous massive young stars. Here we show that GC-sized clusters are naturally produced in radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of isolated 10$^7$ M$_{\\odot}$ Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) with properties typical of the local universe, even under ","authors_text":"Corey S. Howard, Ralph E. Pudritz, William E. Harris","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-08-21T18:42:47Z","title":"A universal route for the formation of massive star clusters in giant molecular clouds"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.07080","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d95a219aa602c460e4f9f8cc2801497a9589024770f44c082da4a34ec81526fe","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2adca2f20e70130d2e107c1edb5d164e6772ec5c861e2fc228ac80b97577b7ba","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-08-21T18:42:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"6186c4b70f0cd9efc158f9aa0432f99f4b9b46112f6abba2482986ebb82418cb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.07080","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"508d74c880a6a74c0fbd753509e91ae366691a45d88d951458ff89bda8028430","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"508d74c880a6a74c0fbd753509e91ae366691a45d88d951458ff89bda8028430","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:31.985460Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:31.985460Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"0OjQ/C4cxBc+ESOjLpBpC1vkf79GC+8cSb6PznYMhSLudV2YfGOjKeEIX+1jLy74qEjvYlKWo6YYKFG8wc4wDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:31.986036Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1808.07080","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d95a219aa602c460e4f9f8cc2801497a9589024770f44c082da4a34ec81526fe","sha256:81baa3fd7a908200f635707ed71bd25fa0e9aaf86618416b331ca70a7192e4b8"],"state_sha256":"ae3fb58f7ae2f52727ebe06548513fee200c292892b4fc442bc6854470001efb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TMum0Ag5rvZu04BHHD/xbg47i7J2j5/ySieUQ13TPyj2ivaaAwJs/8Q1PCZvLiPvE+khlWLtq+5EFoCbtjooAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T05:34:05.115772Z","bundle_sha256":"693f01e812ee2a0e3f9bceb9a6a5e81829d81e303eeef9f405066d334219b2bd"}}