{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:KD4QAO7TM4EDAAZ4YLRYRKNZGD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d5d1f09a10d5c3f040ad2ca55989fb027a874e68f16a4fc12c967bf3ece59230","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-02-28T12:33:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"d2acd3e29a55aa217dcdd2294b05a3115e1b22539f87b3e2882d9235088d60db"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1902.11049","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1902.11049","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1902.11049v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1902.11049","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KD4QAO7TM4ED","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KD4QAO7TM4EDAAZ4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KD4QAO7T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1a3c4a7c98f34fd3b7abe16731fa044272ec9f2904261c5c0399c75c0b419d60","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recent approaches to question generation have used modifications to a Seq2Seq architecture inspired by advances in machine translation. Models are trained using teacher forcing to optimise only the one-step-ahead prediction. However, at test time, the model is asked to generate a whole sequence, causing errors to propagate through the generation process (exposure bias). A number of authors have proposed countering this bias by optimising for a reward that is less tightly coupled to the training data, using reinforcement learning. We optimise directly for quality metrics, including a novel appr","authors_text":"Sebastian Riedel, Tom Hosking","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-02-28T12:33:17Z","title":"Evaluating Rewards for Question Generation Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1902.11049","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0ba8f142db1c361a839a974ab0a895cdf2ccad2d5e32017a9ce7109006849cd4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d5d1f09a10d5c3f040ad2ca55989fb027a874e68f16a4fc12c967bf3ece59230","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-02-28T12:33:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"d2acd3e29a55aa217dcdd2294b05a3115e1b22539f87b3e2882d9235088d60db"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1902.11049","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"50f9003bf3670830033cc2e388a9b930eaec0d29e7e5c3bfed363f89d53b228e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"50f9003bf3670830033cc2e388a9b930eaec0d29e7e5c3bfed363f89d53b228e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:29.237308Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:29.237308Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Y320axj0GQsSw3Vpqmy4GJ9055BgWzYxtJN3kd3vFJCetM19aUOrtVTsA3xSRzpv502fRw1NmFt9Shu9l9djDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:29.237816Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1902.11049","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0ba8f142db1c361a839a974ab0a895cdf2ccad2d5e32017a9ce7109006849cd4","sha256:1a3c4a7c98f34fd3b7abe16731fa044272ec9f2904261c5c0399c75c0b419d60"],"state_sha256":"b54b4e82c64a5ac06dfa9ca32a6c246b41fc7d6fa02a622973e63a97f7953319"}