{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:KE65YYDMLUEY27E524OPPZ44MG","short_pith_number":"pith:KE65YYDM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1608.08730","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2016-08-31T05:23:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"873ae3e2a50d45aa449842732813d4c08d363d9da80b29b266ffa4999a81ee48","abstract_canon_sha256":"92f261c986c0482475e0fc71fe5f04f1ab6703ef009365ead3c748cb4b6fed5c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"513ddc606c5d098d7c9dd71cf7e79c619a66af45677addf1ed7a5d7a8b5a75b5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1608.08730","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1608.08730","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1608.08730v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1608.08730","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KE65YYDMLUEY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KE65YYDMLUEY27E5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KE65YYDM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:KE65YYDMLUEY27E524OPPZ44MG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1608.08730","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2016-08-31T05:23:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"873ae3e2a50d45aa449842732813d4c08d363d9da80b29b266ffa4999a81ee48","abstract_canon_sha256":"92f261c986c0482475e0fc71fe5f04f1ab6703ef009365ead3c748cb4b6fed5c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"513ddc606c5d098d7c9dd71cf7e79c619a66af45677addf1ed7a5d7a8b5a75b5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:46.828560Z","signature_b64":"dsroDx4PsYyaWau6FB5lAqIi+m4ienia7owsupQTt9QWYAxRhlNAsOfnqWs5v+KVh7+fMVK2A5qpiQie0G1PDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"513ddc606c5d098d7c9dd71cf7e79c619a66af45677addf1ed7a5d7a8b5a75b5","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:46.827763Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:46.827763Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1608.08730","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"epoae3YkUFOX43hVGq1NiFvJNuPPFqSWvmBvpEQsYHZ2nWprhb7UglM4oX4V+TnbFx7lbgg6BNmyW7VOpuTZBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T15:21:26.765245Z"},"content_sha256":"0b388eaf2d1a636bc7a49099dd562ce9195c9a5476c9ad4cd8d9394154111321","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0b388eaf2d1a636bc7a49099dd562ce9195c9a5476c9ad4cd8d9394154111321"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:KE65YYDMLUEY27E524OPPZ44MG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Well-Balanced Unified Gas-Kinetic Scheme for Multiscale Flow Transport Under Gravitational Field","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","authors_text":"Kun Xu, Qingdong Cai, Tianbai Xiao","submitted_at":"2016-08-31T05:23:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"The gas dynamics under gravitational field is usually associated with the multiple scale nature due to large density variation and a wide range of local Knudsen number. It is chal- lenging to construct a reliable numerical algorithm to accurately capture the non-equilibrium physical effect in different regimes. In this paper, a well-balanced unified gas-kinetic scheme (UGKS) for all flow regimes under gravitational field will be developed, which can be used for the study of non-equilibrium gravitational gas system. The well-balanced scheme here is defined as a method to evolve an isolated grav"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1608.08730","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aSyvkPAAIn34g8D7+2w1Vvly5JbO5jqqe/VpqaR7PwBpP3etAMIE1Z+TzMWwxpKagPgqB6meKdXEwZzQYl3CAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T15:21:26.766148Z"},"content_sha256":"1b04144706f87fe9fd129248a33d0ca0bb3e4d04a76ae6a2ba5b132f08356913","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1b04144706f87fe9fd129248a33d0ca0bb3e4d04a76ae6a2ba5b132f08356913"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KE65YYDMLUEY27E524OPPZ44MG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/KE65YYDMLUEY27E524OPPZ44MG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KE65YYDMLUEY27E524OPPZ44MG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-06T15:21:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/KE65YYDMLUEY27E524OPPZ44MG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/KE65YYDMLUEY27E524OPPZ44MG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/KE65YYDMLUEY27E524OPPZ44MG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/KE65YYDMLUEY27E524OPPZ44MG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:KE65YYDMLUEY27E524OPPZ44MG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"92f261c986c0482475e0fc71fe5f04f1ab6703ef009365ead3c748cb4b6fed5c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2016-08-31T05:23:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"873ae3e2a50d45aa449842732813d4c08d363d9da80b29b266ffa4999a81ee48"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1608.08730","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1608.08730","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1608.08730v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1608.08730","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KE65YYDMLUEY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KE65YYDMLUEY27E5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KE65YYDM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1b04144706f87fe9fd129248a33d0ca0bb3e4d04a76ae6a2ba5b132f08356913","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The gas dynamics under gravitational field is usually associated with the multiple scale nature due to large density variation and a wide range of local Knudsen number. It is chal- lenging to construct a reliable numerical algorithm to accurately capture the non-equilibrium physical effect in different regimes. In this paper, a well-balanced unified gas-kinetic scheme (UGKS) for all flow regimes under gravitational field will be developed, which can be used for the study of non-equilibrium gravitational gas system. The well-balanced scheme here is defined as a method to evolve an isolated grav","authors_text":"Kun Xu, Qingdong Cai, Tianbai Xiao","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2016-08-31T05:23:05Z","title":"A Well-Balanced Unified Gas-Kinetic Scheme for Multiscale Flow Transport Under Gravitational Field"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1608.08730","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0b388eaf2d1a636bc7a49099dd562ce9195c9a5476c9ad4cd8d9394154111321","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"92f261c986c0482475e0fc71fe5f04f1ab6703ef009365ead3c748cb4b6fed5c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2016-08-31T05:23:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"873ae3e2a50d45aa449842732813d4c08d363d9da80b29b266ffa4999a81ee48"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1608.08730","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"513ddc606c5d098d7c9dd71cf7e79c619a66af45677addf1ed7a5d7a8b5a75b5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"513ddc606c5d098d7c9dd71cf7e79c619a66af45677addf1ed7a5d7a8b5a75b5","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:46.827763Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:46.827763Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"dsroDx4PsYyaWau6FB5lAqIi+m4ienia7owsupQTt9QWYAxRhlNAsOfnqWs5v+KVh7+fMVK2A5qpiQie0G1PDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:46.828560Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1608.08730","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0b388eaf2d1a636bc7a49099dd562ce9195c9a5476c9ad4cd8d9394154111321","sha256:1b04144706f87fe9fd129248a33d0ca0bb3e4d04a76ae6a2ba5b132f08356913"],"state_sha256":"1dad06385aca4ad95eed890a9f52660209515708db83d27683e490484f12d871"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9FZ/HGbrsNBg+J6SPIvqidahjHg/lcJQm6PEOMjugAR2qX7DTVzOO8d3MtKFNN5m7lthV8vzDyMn37T0aMGnCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T15:21:26.769784Z","bundle_sha256":"941592ab56c5b8983b35de446cbdf7179d8f4e4bcd9d9b50002a522da73a16b9"}}