{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:KELP2UAPN3BLB3WQXR32AF6V2P","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1c3ec840692848288105e0e808c80851ca8ed273c768ee8dcceb9ce2bb89e06b","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.bio-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.OT","submitted_at":"2018-09-15T00:48:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"8e75bb717a20610c32503397977da7583a447e1d5f0f233d32eb88f58013ec38"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.07247","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.07247","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.07247v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.07247","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"KELP2UAPN3BL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"KELP2UAPN3BLB3WQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"KELP2UAP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:68ff6248838a57c8587826c0a81f62bb316eb2dd13c05b96af458fdaec0d9a8b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Standard pedagogy introduces optics as though it were a consequence of Maxwell's equations, and only grudgingly admits, usually in a rushed aside, that light has a particulate character that can somehow be reconciled with the wave picture. Recent revolutionary advances in optical imaging, however, make this approach more and more unhelpful: How are we to describe two-photon imaging, FRET, localization microscopy, and a host of related techniques to students who think of light primarily as a wave? I was surprised to find that everything I wanted my biophysics students to know about light, inclu","authors_text":"Philip C. Nelson","cross_cats":["physics.bio-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.OT","submitted_at":"2018-09-15T00:48:37Z","title":"Time to Stop Telling Biophysics Students that Light is Primarily a Wave"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.07247","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:999802fbb4588bc385b85e6ab3d46712d1a642861bd9b3d3543ee92013f81927","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1c3ec840692848288105e0e808c80851ca8ed273c768ee8dcceb9ce2bb89e06b","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.bio-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.OT","submitted_at":"2018-09-15T00:48:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"8e75bb717a20610c32503397977da7583a447e1d5f0f233d32eb88f58013ec38"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.07247","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"5116fd500f6ec2b0eed0bc77a017d5d3cb3f869d9615e5b4847432c70a6f407a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5116fd500f6ec2b0eed0bc77a017d5d3cb3f869d9615e5b4847432c70a6f407a","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:20.285148Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:20.285148Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"OTMcg8PToF6AOGYXxGp+rpPo4pmH4hy8YohbKpnSKaG7W75uoHSdJdAubwF/d11rVfY6m5lK+9+fOe3a+gtYAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:20.285880Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1809.07247","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:999802fbb4588bc385b85e6ab3d46712d1a642861bd9b3d3543ee92013f81927","sha256:68ff6248838a57c8587826c0a81f62bb316eb2dd13c05b96af458fdaec0d9a8b"],"state_sha256":"71cc2b4956755fdf0a90f8f384e9e37d17dfa237ee3d5c1170e5025eac28eab8"}